UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
| x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2004
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 000-50726
Google Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 77-0493581 | |
|
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, CA 94043
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip code)
(650) 623-4000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) YES ¨ NO x
At October 31, 2004, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class A common stock was 57,857,182 shares and the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class B common stock was 215,558,768 shares.
GOOGLE INC.
Form 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2004
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Page No. |
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| PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||||
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Item 1 |
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Consolidated Balance Sheets—September 30, 2004 (unaudited) and December 31, 2003 |
3 | |||
| 4 | ||||
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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Nine Months Ended September 30, 2004 and 2003 (unaudited) |
5 | |||
| 6 | ||||
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Item 2 |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
17 | ||
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Item 3 |
53 | |||
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Item 4 |
54 | |||
| PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | ||||
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Item 1 |
55 | |||
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Item 2 |
55 | |||
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Item 3 |
56 | |||
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Item 4 |
56 | |||
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Item 5 |
56 | |||
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Item 6 |
56 | |||
| 57 | ||||
| 58 | ||||
2
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value)
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As of 2003 |
As of September 30, 2004 |
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| (unaudited) | ||||||||
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Assets |
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 148,995 | $ | 344,469 | ||||
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Short-term investments |
185,723 | 1,513,887 | ||||||
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Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $4,670 and $4,559 |
154,690 | 233,057 | ||||||
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Income taxes receivable |
— | 115,070 | ||||||
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Deferred income taxes |
22,105 | 48,455 | ||||||
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Prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets |
48,721 | 105,273 | ||||||
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Total current assets |
560,234 | 2,360,211 | ||||||
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Property and equipment, net |
188,255 | 362,609 | ||||||
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Goodwill |
87,442 | 101,815 | ||||||
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Intangible assets, net |
18,114 | 43,660 | ||||||
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Prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets, non-current |
17,413 | 20,223 | ||||||
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Total assets |
$ | 871,458 | $ | 2,888,518 | ||||
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Liabilities, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant and Stockholders’ Equity |
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Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable |
$ | 46,175 | $ | 49,557 | ||||
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Accrued compensation and benefits |
33,522 | 53,841 | ||||||
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Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
26,411 | 44,185 | ||||||
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Accrued revenue share |
88,672 | 101,973 | ||||||
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Deferred revenue |
15,346 | 21,888 | ||||||
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Income taxes payable |
20,705 | — | ||||||
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Current portion of equipment leases |
4,621 | 3,026 | ||||||
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Total current liabilities |
235,452 | 274,470 | ||||||
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Long-term portion of equipment leases |
1,988 | 63 | ||||||
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Deferred revenue, long-term |
5,014 | 6,344 | ||||||
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Liability for stock options exercised early, long-term |
6,341 | 7,206 | ||||||
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Deferred income taxes |
18,510 | — | ||||||
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Other long-term liabilities |
1,512 | 11,412 | ||||||
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Commitments and contingencies |
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Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant |
13,871 | — | ||||||
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Stockholders’ equity: |
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Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, issuable in series: 164,782 and 100,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2003 and September 30, 2004, 71,662 and no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2003 and September 30, 2004 |
44,346 | — | ||||||
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Class A and Class B common stock, $0.001 par value: 700,000 and 9,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2003 and September 30, 2004, 160,866 and 273,228 shares issued and outstanding, excluding 11,987 and 8,772 shares subject to repurchase at December 31, 2003 and September 30, 2004 |
161 | 273 | ||||||
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Additional paid-in capital |
725,219 | 2,497,299 | ||||||
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Note receivable from officer/stockholder |
(4,300 | ) | — | |||||
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Deferred stock-based compensation |
(369,668 | ) | (292,690 | ) | ||||
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Accumulated other comprehensive income |
1,660 | (2,230 | ) | |||||
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Retained earnings |
191,352 | 386,371 | ||||||
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Total stockholders’ equity |
588,770 | 2,589,023 | ||||||
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Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant and stockholders’ equity |
$ | 871,458 | $ | 2,888,518 | ||||
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See accompanying notes.
3
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
| Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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| 2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
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| (unaudited) | |||||||||||||
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Revenues |
$ | 393,942 | $ | 805,887 | $ | 953,759 | $ | 2,157,722 | |||||
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Costs and expenses: |
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Cost of revenues |
170,390 | 362,099 | 374,986 | 1,003,874 | |||||||||
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Research and development |
32,774 | 57,409 | 62,771 | 138,190 | |||||||||
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Sales and marketing |
36,575 | 65,512 | 79,164 | 170,193 | |||||||||
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General and administrative |
13,853 | 40,774 | 36,415 | 87,857 | |||||||||
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Stock-based compensation(1) |
73,794 | 67,981 | 144,377 | 219,215 | |||||||||
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Non-recurring portion of settlement of disputes with Yahoo |
— | 201,000 | — | 201,000 | |||||||||
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Total costs and expenses |
327,386 | 794,775 | 697,713 | 1,820,329 | |||||||||
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Income from operations |
66,556 | 11,112 | 256,046 | 337,393 | |||||||||
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Interest income and other, net |
464 | 3,866 | 1,183 | 2,668 | |||||||||
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Income before income taxes |
67,020 | 14,978 | 257,229 | 340,061 | |||||||||
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Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
46,594 | (37,005 | ) | 178,835 | 145,042 | ||||||||
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Net income |
$ | 20,426 | $ | 51,983 | $ | 78,394 | $ | 195,019 | |||||
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Net income per share: |
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Basic |
$ | 0.14 | $ | 0.25 | $ | 0.58 | $ | 1.14 | |||||
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Diluted |
$ | 0.08 | $ | 0.19 | $ | 0.31 | $ | 0.73 | |||||
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Number of shares used in per share calculations: |
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Basic |
141,412 | 205,007 | 134,820 | 170,511 | |||||||||
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Diluted |
257,948 | 274,735 | 254,664 | 268,394 | |||||||||
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(1) Stock-based compensation is allocated as follows (see Note 1): |
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| Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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| 2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
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| (unaudited) | |||||||||||||
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Cost of revenues |
$ | 3,008 | $ | 1,996 | $ | 5,821 | $ | 9,618 | |||||
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Research and development |
43,878 | 42,120 | 82,115 | 134,222 | |||||||||
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Sales and marketing |
15,819 | 11,580 | 30,530 | 39,156 | |||||||||
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General and administrative |
11,089 | 12,285 | 25,911 | 36,219 | |||||||||
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| $ | 73,794 | $ | 67,981 | $ | 144,377 | $ | 219,215 | ||||||
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See accompanying notes.
4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
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Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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| 2003 |
2004 |
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| (unaudited) | ||||||||
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Operating activities |
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Net income |
$ | 78,394 | $ | 195,019 | ||||
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Adjustments: |
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Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment |
28,203 | 85,620 | ||||||
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Amortization of intangibles and warrants |
8,975 | 10,393 | ||||||
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In-process research and development |
11,618 | 950 | ||||||
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Stock-based compensation |
144,377 | 219,215 | ||||||
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Tax benefits from exercise of warrants |
— | 144,971 | ||||||
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Non-recurring portion of settlement of disputes with Yahoo |
— | 201,000 | ||||||
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Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions: |
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Accounts receivable |
(54,574 | ) | (78,361 | ) | ||||
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Income taxes, net |
8,120 | (182,415 | ) | |||||
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Prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets |
(29,156 | ) | (54,134 | ) | ||||
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Accounts payable |
35,175 | 3,369 | ||||||
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Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
15,545 | 42,148 | ||||||
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Accrued revenue share |
57,991 | 13,301 | ||||||
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Deferred revenue |
4,234 | 7,871 | ||||||
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Net cash provided by operating activities |
308,902 | 608,947 | ||||||
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Investing activities |
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Purchases of property and equipment |
(120,310 | ) | (259,915 | ) | ||||
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Purchases of short-term investments |
(105,229 | ) | (2,877,309 | ) | ||||
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Maturities and sales of short-term investments |
130,149 | 1,548,334 | ||||||
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Purchases of other investments |
— | (4,999 | ) | |||||
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Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
(39,958 | ) | (10,833 | ) | ||||
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Net cash used in investing activities |
(135,348 | ) | (1,604,722 | ) | ||||
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Financing activities |
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Proceeds from exercise of stock options, net |
10,649 | 10,159 | ||||||
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Proceeds from exercise of warrants |
— | 21,944 | ||||||
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Net proceeds from initial public offering |
— | 1,161,446 | ||||||
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Payment of note receivable from officer/stockholder |
— | 4,300 | ||||||
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Payments of principal on capital leases and equipment loans |
(6,435 | ) | (3,521 | ) | ||||
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Net cash provided by financing activities |
4,214 | 1,194,328 | ||||||
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
(104 | ) | (3,079 | ) | ||||
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Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
177,664 | 195,474 | ||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
57,752 | 148,995 | ||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 235,416 | $ | 344,469 | ||||
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Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |
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Cash paid for interest |
$ | 1,300 | $ | 611 | ||||
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Cash paid for taxes |
$ | 170,812 | $ | 181,967 | ||||
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Acquisition related activities: |
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Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisitions, net of deferred stock-based compensation |
$ | 64,243 | $ | 7,112 | ||||
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See accompanying notes.
5
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
Note 1. The Company and Summary of Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations
Google Inc. (“Google” or the “Company”) was incorporated in California in September 1998. The Company re-incorporated in the State of Delaware in August 2003. The Company offers highly targeted advertising solutions, global Internet search solutions through its own destination Internet site and intranet solutions via an enterprise search appliance.
Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Google and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Unaudited Interim Financial Information
The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2004, the consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004 are unaudited. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position at September 30, 2004, its results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004, and its cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2004.
These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on April 29, 2004, as amended.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to accounts receivable allowances, fair values of investments, fair values of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment and income taxes among others. While the Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
6
Google Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Revenue Recognition
The following table presents the Company’s revenues (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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| 2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
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| (unaudited) | ||||||||||||
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Advertising revenues: |
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Google web sites |
$ | 207,239 | $ | 411,671 | $ | 548,240 | $ | 1,058,645 | ||||
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Google Network web sites |
174,444 | 384,285 | 373,246 | 1,064,263 | ||||||||
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Total advertising revenues |
381,683 | 795,956 | 921,486 | 2,122,908 | ||||||||
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Licensing and other revenues |
12,259 | 9,931 | 32,273 | 34,814 | ||||||||
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Revenues |
$ | 393,942 | $ | 805,887 | $ | 953,759 | $ | 2,157,722 | ||||
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In the first quarter of 2000, the Company introduced its first advertising program through which it offered advertisers the ability to place text-based ads on Google web sites targeted to users’ search queries. Advertisers paid the Company based on the number of times their ads were displayed on users’ search results pages, and the Company recognized revenue at the time these ads appeared. In the fourth quarter of 2000, the Company launched Google AdWords, an online self-service program that enables advertisers to place text-based ads on Google web sites. AdWords advertisers originally paid the Company based on the number of times their ads appeared on users’ search results pages. In the first quarter of 2002, the Company began offering AdWords exclusively on a cost-per-click basis, so that an advertiser pays the Company only when a user clicks on one of its ads. The Company recognizes as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time a user clicks on one of the text-based ads that are displayed next to the search results on Google web sites. Effective January 1, 2004, the Company now offers a single pricing structure to all of its advertisers based on the AdWords cost-per-click model.
Google AdSense is the program through which the Company distributes its advertisers’ text-based ads for display on the web sites of the Google Network members. In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 99-19, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal Versus Net as an Agent, the Company recognizes as revenues the fees it receives from its advertisers. This revenue is reported gross primarily because the Company is the primary obligor to its advertisers.
The Company generates fees from search services through a variety of contractual arrangements, which include per-query search fees and search service hosting fees. Revenues from set-up and support fees and search service hosting fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract, which is the expected period during which these services will be provided. The Company’s policy is to recognize revenues from per-query search fees in the period queries are made and results are delivered.
The Company provides search services pursuant to certain AdSense agreements. Management believes that search services and revenue share arrangements represent separate units of accounting pursuant to EITF 00-21 Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. These separate services are provided simultaneously to the Google Network member and are recognized as revenues in the periods provided.
The Company also generates fees from the sale and license of its Search Appliance, which includes hardware, software and generally 12 to 24 months of post-contract support. As the elements are not sold separately, sufficient vendor-specific objective evidence does not exist for the allocation of revenue. As a result,
7
Google Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
the entire fee is recognized ratably over the term of the post-contract support arrangement in accordance with Statement of Position 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, as amended.
Deferred revenue is recorded when payments are received in advance of the Company’s performance in the underlying agreement on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues consists primarily of traffic acquisition costs. Traffic acquisition costs consist of amounts owed to Google Network members. These amounts owed are primarily based on revenue share arrangements under which the Company pays its Google Network members most of the fees it receives from its advertisers. In addition, certain AdSense agreements obligate the Company to make guaranteed minimum revenue share payments to Google Network members based on their achieving defined performance terms, such as number of search queries or advertisements displayed. The Company amortizes guaranteed minimum revenue share prepayments (or accretes an amount payable to its Google Network members if the payment is due in arrears) based on the number of search queries or advertisements displayed on the Google Network member’s web site. In addition, concurrent with the commencement of certain AdSense agreements, the Company purchased certain items from, or provided other consideration to, its Google Network members. These amounts are amortized on a ratable basis over the related term of the agreement.
Traffic acquisition costs were $143.5 million and $302.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004, and $310.2 million and $851.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004.
In addition, cost of revenues consists of the expenses associated with the operation of the Company’s data centers, including depreciation, labor, energy and bandwidth costs. Cost of revenues also includes credit card and other transaction fees relating to processing customer transactions as well as expenses related to the amortization of purchased and licensed technologies.
Stock-based Compensation
Stock-based compensation as shown on the accompanying consolidated income statements consists of amortization of deferred stock-based compensation related to restricted shares and options to purchase Class A and Class B common stock to employees and the values of options to purchase such stock issued to non-employees.
As permitted by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123, Accounting for Stock-based Compensation (“SFAS 123”), the Company accounts for employee stock-based compensation in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion (“APB”) No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (“APB 25”), and related interpretations. Under APB 25, deferred compensation for options granted to employees is equal to its intrinsic value, determined as the difference between the exercise price and the reassessed value for accounting purposes of the underlying stock on the date of grant.
Prior to the initial public offering, the Company typically granted stock options at exercise prices equal to or less than the value of the underlying stock as determined by our board of directors on the date of option grant. For purposes of financial accounting, the Company has applied hindsight to arrive at reassessed values for the shares underlying these options. The Company has recorded deferred stock-based compensation equal to the difference between these reassessed values and the exercise prices. After the initial public offering, options have been granted at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date of option grant.
8
Google Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
In connection with restricted shares and unvested stock options granted to employees, the Company recorded deferred stock-based compensation costs of $280.5 million and $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004, and $456.9 million and $138.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004.
Net amortization of deferred stock-based compensation related to stock options granted to employees totaled $69.6 million and $63.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004 and $134.6 million and $208.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004. The deferred stock-based compensation is being amortized using the accelerated vesting method, in accordance with SFAS 123, EITF 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in connection with Selling, Goods or Services (“EITF 96-18”), and Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 28, over the vesting period of each respective restricted share and stock option, generally over four or five years. The remaining unamortized, deferred stock-based compensation for all restricted shares and stock option grants through September 30, 2004 assuming no change in the stock option accounting rules and assuming all employees remain employed at Google for their remaining vesting periods will be expensed as follows over the remaining three months of 2004 and each of the next four years and thereafter (in millions):
| (unaudited) | |||
|
2004 |
$ | 54.6 | |
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2005 |
139.2 | ||
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2006 |
67.5 | ||
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2007 |
24.4 | ||
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2008 |
5.3 | ||
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Thereafter |
1.7 | ||
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| $ | 292.7 | ||
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The Company accounts for stock awards issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123 and EITF 96-18. Under SFAS 123 and EITF 96-18, the Company uses the Black-Scholes method to measure the value of options granted to non-employees at each vesting date to determine the appropriate charge to stock-based compensation.
The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for the value of stock options earned by non-employees of $4.2 million and $5.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2003, 2004 and $9.8 million and $10.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2003, 2004. No options that vest over time were granted to non-employees in the nine months ended September 30, 2004.
Pro forma information regarding net income has been determined as if the Company had accounted for its employee stock options under the method prescribed by SFAS 123. The resulting effect on pro forma net income disclosed may not be representative of the effects on net income on a pro forma basis in future years.
9
Google Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Had compensation cost for options granted under the option plans been determined based on the fair value method prescribed by SFAS 123, the Company’s net income and net income per share would have been adjusted to the pro forma amounts below (in thousands, except per share data):
| Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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| 2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
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| (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
|
Net income, as reported |
$ | 20,426 | $ | 51,983 | $ | 78,394 | $ | 195,019 | ||||||||
|
Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net income |
69,617 | 62,957 | 134,606 | 208,760 | ||||||||||||
|
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense under the fair value based method for all awards |
(70,372 | ) | (69,935 | ) | (136,081 | ) | (218,534 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Net income, pro forma |
$ | 19,671 | $ | 45,005 | $ | 76,919 | $ | 185,245 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||||||
|
As reported—basic |
$ | 0.14 | $ | 0.25 | $ | 0.58 | $ | 1.14 | ||||||||
|
Pro forma—basic |
$ | 0.14 | $ | 0.22 | $ | 0.57 | $ | 1.09 | ||||||||
|
As reported—diluted |
$ | 0.08 | $ | 0.19 | $ | 0.31 | $ | 0.73 | ||||||||
|
Pro forma—diluted |
$ | 0.08 | $ | 0.16 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.69 | ||||||||
For purposes of the above pro forma calculation, the value of each option granted through September 30, 2004 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||
| 2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
|||||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||||||
|
Risk-free interest rate |
2.29 | % | 3.03 | % | 2.01 | % | 2.68 | % | ||||
|
Expected volatility |
75 | % | 75 | % | 75 | % | 75 | % | ||||
|
Expected life (in years) |
3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
|
Dividend yield |
— | — | — | — | ||||||||
The weighted-average fair value of an option granted in the three months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004 was $47.98 and $48.31 and in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004 was $26.43 and $63.07, using the Black-Scholes pricing model.
On March 31, 2004, the FASB issued an Exposure Draft, “Share-Based Payment—An Amendment of FASB Statements No. 123 and 95” (proposed SFAS 123R), which currently is expected to be effective for public companies in periods beginning after June 15, 2005. The Company would be required to implement the proposed standard no later than the quarter that begins July 1, 2005. The cumulative effect of adoption, if any, applied on a modified prospective basis, would be measured and recognized on July 1, 2005. The proposed SFAS 123R addresses the accounting for transactions in which an enterprise receives employee services in exchange for (a) equity instruments of the enterprise or (b) liabilities that are based on the fair value of the enterprise’s equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of such equity instruments. The proposed SFAS 123R would eliminate the ability to account for share-based compensation transactions using APB 25, and generally would require instead that such transactions be accounted for using a fair-value based method. As proposed, companies would be required to recognize an expense for compensation cost related to share-based payment arrangements
10
Google Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
including stock options and employee stock purchase plans. The FASB expects to issue a final standard by December 31, 2004. Management is currently evaluating option valuation methodologies and assumptions in light of the proposed FAS 123R related to employee stock options. Current estimates of option values using the Black-Scholes method (as shown above) may not be indicative of results from valuation methodologies ultimately adopted in the final rules.
Stock Options Exercised Early
The Company typically allows employees to exercise options prior to vesting. Upon the exercise of an option prior to vesting, the exercising optionee is required to enter into a restricted stock purchase agreement with the Company, which provides that the Company has a right to repurchase the shares purchased upon exercise of the option at the original exercise price; provided, however, that its right to repurchase these shares will lapse in accordance with the vesting schedule included in the optionee’s option agreement. In accordance with EITF 00-23, Issues Related to Accounting for Stock Compensation under APB Opinion No. 25 and FASB Interpretation No. 44, stock options granted or modified after March 21, 2002, which are subsequently exercised for cash prior to vesting are treated differently from prior grants and related exercises. The consideration received for an exercise of an option granted after the effective date of this guidance is considered to be a deposit of the exercise price and the related dollar amount is recorded as a liability. The shares and liability are only reclassified into equity on a ratable basis as the award vests. The Company has applied this guidance and recorded a liability on the consolidated balance sheets relating to 11,987,482 and 8,771,918 of options granted subsequent to March 21, 2002 that were exercised and are unvested at December 31, 2003 and at September 30, 2004.
Class A and Class B Common Stock
The Company’s certificate of incorporation previously provided that upon an initial public offering meeting certain criteria, the Company’s Class A Senior common stock, which had ten votes per share, would automatically convert into common stock, which had one vote per share. In April 2004, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized, and on June 25, 2004 its stockholders approved, certain amendments to the Company’s certificate of incorporation. Pursuant to these amendments, each share of Class A Senior common stock was reclassified as one share of Class B common stock and each share of common stock was reclassified as one share of Class A common stock. In addition, these amendments changed the conversion rights of the Class A Senior common stock (now Class B common stock) to provide that these shares would no longer automatically convert into shares of common stock (now Class A common stock) upon the Company’s initial public offering. Also, shares of Class B common stock may be converted at any time at the option of the stockholder into Class A common stock and automatically convert upon any sale or transfer (subject to certain exceptions set forth in the amended certificate of incorporation). These amendments have been reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as if they had been made at the inception of the Company.
Net Income Per Share
The Company computes net income per share in accordance with SFAS 128, Earnings per Share. Under the provisions of SFAS 128, basic net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of Class A and Class B common shares outstanding during the period except that it does not include unvested Class A and Class B common shares subject to repurchase. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of Class A and Class B common shares and, if dilutive, potential Class A and Class B common shares outstanding during the period. Potential Class A and Class B common shares consist of the incremental Class A and Class B common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, warrants, unvested common shares subject to repurchase or cancellation and convertible preferred stock. The dilutive effect of outstanding
11
Google Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
stock options and warrants is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. Convertible preferred stock is reflected on an if-converted basis.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
| 2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
|||||||||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
|
Basic and diluted net income per share: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Numerator: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Net income |
$ | 20,426 | $ | 51,983 | $ | 78,394 | $ | 195,019 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Denominator: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Weighted average Class A and Class B common shares outstanding |
171,316 | 220,988 | 166,669 | 189,874 | ||||||||||||
|
Less: Weighted average unvested Class A and Class B common shares subject to repurchase or cancellation |
(29,904 | ) | (15,981 | ) | (31,849 | ) | (19,363 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Denominator for basic calculation |
141,412 | 205,007 | 134,820 | 170,511 | ||||||||||||
|
Effect of dilutive securities |
||||||||||||||||
|
Add: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Weighted average convertible preferred shares |
71,662 | 42,129 | 70,950 | 63,445 | ||||||||||||
|
Weighted average stock options and warrants and unvested Class A and Class B common shares subject to repurchase or cancellation |
44,869 | 27,599 | 48,894 | 34,438 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Denominator for diluted calculation |
257,943 | 274,735 | 254,664 | 268,394 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Net income per share, basic |
$ | 0.14 | $ | 0.25 | $ | 0.58 | $ | 1.14 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Net income per share, diluted |
$ | 0.08 | $ | 0.19 | $ | 0.31 | $ | 0.73 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company hedges certain net asset and liability exposures with forward foreign exchange contracts to reduce the risk that cash flows and earnings will be adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. This program is not designed for trading or speculative purposes. No foreign currency hedge transactions were entered into prior to May, 2004.
In accordance with SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, the Company recognizes derivative instruments and hedging activities as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. Neither the cost nor the fair value of these forward foreign exchange contracts was material at September 30, 2004. Changes in the fair values of these contracts are recorded as interest income (expense) and other, net and were not material in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004. The notional principal of forward foreign exchange contracts to purchase U.S. dollars with Euros was $173.3 million at September 30, 2004. There were no other forward foreign exchange contracts outstanding at September 30, 2004.
12
Google Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Note 2. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of the following (in thousands):
|
As of December 31, 2003 |
As of 2004 |
|||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 148,995 | $ | 344,469 | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Short-term investments: |
||||||
|
Municipal securities |
166,538 | 1,285,721 | ||||
|
Market auction preferred securities(1) |
8,000 | — | ||||
|
U.S. government notes |
11,185 | 110,019 | ||||
|
U.S. corporate securities |
— | 118,147 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Total short-term investments |
185,723 | 1,513,887 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |
$ | 334,718 | $ | 1,858,356 | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
| (1) | Market auction preferred securities are securities with perpetual maturities that are structured with short-term reset dates of generally less than 90 days. At the end of the reset period, investors can sell or continue to hold the securities at par. |
The Company has not experienced any significant realized gains or losses on its investments in the periods presented. Gross unrealized gains and losses at December 31, 2003 and at September 30, 2004 were not material.
Note 3. Contingencies
Legal Matters
Certain companies have filed trademark infringement and related claims against the Company over the display of ads in response to user queries that include trademarked terms. The outcomes of these lawsuits have differed from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. A court in France has held the Company liable for allowing advertisers to select certain trademarked terms as keywords. The Company has appealed this decision. The Company is also subject to two lawsuits in Germany on similar matters where the courts held that the Company is not liable for the actions of the Company’s advertisers prior to notification of trademark rights. One of the plaintiffs has appealed the court’s ruling. The Company is litigating similar issues in other cases in the U.S., France, Germany and Italy. Management believes that any adverse results in these lawsuits may result in, or even compel, a change in this practice, which could result in a loss of revenues on a prospective basis. However, the magnitude of any unfavorable outcome cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.
Currently, there is no material litigation pending against the Company other than as described above. From time to time, the Company may become a party to litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of the Company’s business. Although the results of such litigation and claims in the ordinary course of business cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations or financial condition. Regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
13
Google Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Rescission Offer
Shares issued and options granted under the Company’s 1998 Stock Plan, 2003 Stock Plan, 2003 Stock Plan (No. 2) and 2003 Stock Plan (No. 3) may not have been exempt from registration or qualification under federal securities laws and the securities laws of certain states. As a result, the Company intends to make a rescission offer to the holders of these shares and options. If this rescission is accepted, the Company could be required to make aggregate payments to the holders of these shares and options of up to $28.3 million, which includes statutory interest, based on shares and options outstanding as of October 31, 2004. In addition, if it is determined that the Company offered securities without properly registering them under federal law or state law, or securing an exemption from registration, federal or state regulators could impose fines or other sanctions as provided under these laws. Federal securities laws do not provide that a rescission offer will terminate a purchaser’s right to rescind a sale of stock that was not registered as required. If any or all of the offerees reject the rescission offer, the Company may continue to be liable for this amount under federal and state securities laws. As management believes there is only a remote possibility the rescission offer will be accepted by any of the Company’s option holders and stockholders in an amount that would result in a material expenditure by the Company, no liability has been recorded. Management does not believe that this rescission offer will have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
Magazine Article
Information about the Company has been published in an article appearing in the September 2004 issue of Playboy Magazine and entitled “Playboy Interview: Google Guys.” This article includes quotations from Larry and Sergey, and has been reprinted by a number of news media outlets. The Company does not believe that its involvement in the Playboy Magazine article constitutes a violation of Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933. However, if the Company’s involvement were held by a court to be in violation of the Securities Act of 1933, the Company could be required to repurchase the shares sold to purchasers in its initial public offering at the original purchase price, plus statutory interest from the date of purchase, for a period of one year following the date of the violation. The Company would contest vigorously any claim that a violation of the Securities Act occurred. Management currently believes there is only a remote possibility that the ultimate outcome with respect to any such claim that might be made would materially adversely affect the operating results, financial position or liquidity of the Company. The SEC has also requested additional information concerning the publication of the article.
Note 4. Settlement of Disputes with Yahoo
On August 9, 2004, the Company and Yahoo entered into a settlement agreement resolving two disputes that had been pending between them. The first dispute concerned a lawsuit filed by Yahoo’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Overture Services, Inc., against the Company in April 2002 asserting that certain services infringed Overture’s U.S. Patent No. 6,269,361. In its court filings, the Company denied that it infringed the patent and alleged that the patent was invalid and unenforceable.
The second dispute concerned a warrant held by Yahoo to purchase 3,719,056 shares of the Company’s stock in connection with a June 2000 services agreement. Pursuant to a conversion provision in the warrant, the Company in June 2003 issued 1,229,944 shares to Yahoo. Yahoo contended it was entitled to a greater number of shares, while the Company contended that it had fully complied with the terms of the warrant.
As part of the settlement, Overture dismissed its patent lawsuit against the Company and has granted the Company a fully-paid, perpetual license to the patent that was the subject of the lawsuit and several related patent
14
Google Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
applications held by Overture. The parties also mutually released any claims against each other concerning the warrant dispute. In connection with the settlement of these two disputes, the Company issued to Yahoo 2,700,000 shares of Class A common stock. The Company used the $85.00 per share price of the initial public offering to arrive at total settlement consideration of $229.5 million.
The Company engaged a third party valuation consultant to assist management in the allocation of the value of the settlement consideration and the determination of the useful lives of the capitalized assets. The following table provides management’s allocation of the settlement consideration of $229.5 million:
| (in thousands) (unaudited) |
|||
|
Non-recurring portion of settlement of disputes with Yahoo |
$ | 201,000 | |
|
Intangible assets |
28,500 | ||
|
|
|
||
|
Total consideration |
$ | 229,500 | |
|
|
|
||
In the three months ended September 30, 2004, the Company recognized the $201.0 million non-recurring charge related to the settlement of the warrant dispute and other items. The non-cash charge associated with these shares is required because the shares are being issued after the warrant was converted. The Company realized a related income tax benefit in the third quarter of $82.0 million. The Company also capitalized $28.5 million related to certain intangible assets obtained in this settlement. These assets are being amortized on a ratable basis over approximately one and four years to general and administrative expenses and cost of revenues. The weighted average amortization period for these intangible assets is approximately three years.
Note 5. Initial Public Offering and 2004 Stock Plan
In April 2004, the Company’s board of directors approved the filing of a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission for an initial public offering of the Company’s Class A common stock. The Company received approximately $1,161.4 million in net proceeds from the closing of this offering in August 2004. In April 2004, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and on June 25, 2004 its stockholders approved, the 2004 Stock Plan. The 2004 Stock Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to the Company’s employees and nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, performance units, performance shares, restricted stock units and other stock based awards to the Company’s employees, directors, and consultants.
Note 6. Information about Geographic Areas
The Company’s chief operating decision-makers (i.e., chief executive officer and his direct reports) review financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues by geographic region for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. There are no segment managers who are held accountable for operations, operating results and plans for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, the Company considers itself to be in a single reporting segment and operating unit structure.
15
Google Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Revenues by geography are based on the billing address of the advertiser. The following table sets forth revenues and long-lived assets by geographic area (in thousands):
|
Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||
| 2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
|||||||||
| (unaudited) | (unaudited) | |||||||||||
|
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
|
United States |
$ | 276,640 | $ | 524,528 | $ | 681,118 | $ | 1,453,449 | ||||
|
International |
117,302 | 281,359 | 272,641 | 704,273 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total revenues |
$ | 393,942 | $ | 805,887 | $ | 953,759 | $ | 2,157,722 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| As of December 31, 2003 |
As of September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||||||
|
Long-lived assets: |
||||||||||||
|
United States |
$ | 267,348 | $ | 467,086 | ||||||||
|
International |
43,876 | 61,221 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
Total long-lived assets |
$ | 311,224 | $ | 528,307 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
16
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
In addition to historical information, this report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements include, among other things, statements concerning our expectations:
| • | that we will continue to pay most of the Google AdSense fees we receive from advertisers to our Google Network members |
| • | that stock-based compensation charges will decrease as a percentage of revenues |
| • | regarding the growth of our operations, business and revenues and the growth rate of our costs and expenses |
| • | concerning the relative rate of growth in advertising revenues from our web sites as compared to our Google Network members’ web sites |
| • | that our cost of revenues will increase in 2004 as a result of anticipated increases in traffic acquisition and data center costs |
| • | that research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses will increase in 2004 and in the future |
| • | that our expansion into international markets and that international revenues will grow as a percentage of our total revenues in the future |
| • | regarding spending on capital equipment, including costs related to information technology infrastructure expansion |
| • | regarding our income tax rates and tax liabilities |
| • | regarding the sufficiency of our existing cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and cash generated from operations |
as well as other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition and prospects and business strategies. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this report, and in particular, the risks discussed below and under the heading “Risk Factors” in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed on August 18, 2004, and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report.
Overview
We are a global technology leader focused on improving the ways people connect with information. Our innovations in web search and advertising have made our web site a top Internet destination and our brand one of the most recognized in the world. Our mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful. We serve three primary constituencies:
| • | Users. We provide users with products and services that enable people to more quickly and easily find, create and organize information that is useful to them. |
17
| • | Advertisers. We provide advertisers our Google AdWords program, an auction-based advertising program that enables them to deliver relevant ads targeted to search results or web content. Our AdWords program provides advertisers with a cost-effective way to deliver ads to customers across Google sites and through the Google Network under our AdSense program. |
| • | Web sites. We provide members of our Google Network our Google AdSense program, which allows these members to deliver AdWords ads that are relevant to the search results or content on their web sites. We share most of the fees these ads generate with our Google Network members—creating an important revenue stream for them. |
We were incorporated in California in September 1998 and reincorporated in Delaware in August 2003. We began licensing our WebSearch product in the first quarter of 1999. We became profitable in 2001 following the launch of our Google AdWords program.
How We Generate Revenue
We derive most of our revenues from fees we receive from our advertisers.
Our original business model consisted of licensing our search engine services to other web sites. In the first quarter of 2000, we introduced our first advertising program. Through our direct sales force we offered advertisers the ability to place text-based ads on our web sites targeted to our users’ search queries under a program called Premium Sponsorships. Advertisers paid us based on the number of times their ads were displayed on users’ search results pages, and we recognized revenue at the time these ads appeared. In the fourth quarter of 2000, we launched Google AdWords, an online self-service program that enables advertisers to place targeted text-based ads on our web sites. AdWords customers originally paid us based on the number of times their ads appeared on users’ search results pages. In the first quarter of 2002, we began offering AdWords exclusively on a cost-per-click basis, which means that an advertiser pays us only when a user clicks on one of its ads. AdWords is also available through our direct sales force. Our AdWords agreements are generally terminable at any time by our advertisers. We recognize as revenue the fees charged to advertisers each time a user clicks on one of the text-based ads that appears next to the search results on our web sites.
Effective January 1, 2004, we terminated the Premium Sponsorships program and now offer a single pricing structure to all of our advertisers based on the AdWords cost-per-click model. This change to a single pricing structure did not have a negative effect on our revenues because most of our advertisers switched to the AdWords cost-per-click model. Our AdWords cost-per-click program is the advertising program through which we generate revenues by serving ads on our web sites and on Google Network member web sites through our AdSense program.
Google AdSense is the program through which we distribute our advertisers’ AdWords ads for display on the web sites of our Google Network members. Our AdSense program includes AdSense for search and AdSense for content. AdSense for search, launched in the first quarter of 2002, is our service for distributing relevant ads from our advertisers for display with search results on our Google Network members’ sites. AdSense for content, launched in the first quarter of 2003, is our service for distributing ads from our advertisers that are relevant to content on our Google Network members’ sites. Our advertisers pay us a fee each time a user clicks on one of our advertisers’ ads displayed on Google Network members’ web sites. In the past, we have paid most of these advertiser fees to the members of the Google Network, and we expect to continue doing so for the foreseeable future. We recognize these advertiser fees as revenue and the portion of the advertiser fee we pay to our Google Network members as cost of revenue. In some cases, we guarantee our Google Network members minimum revenue share payments. Members of the Google Network do not pay any fees associated with the use of our AdSense program on their web sites. Some of our Google Network members separately license our web search technology and pay related licensing fees to us. Our agreements with Google Network members consist largely of uniform online “click-wrap” agreements that members enter into by interacting with our registration web sites. Agreements with our larger members are individually negotiated. The standard agreements have no stated term
18
and are terminable at will. The negotiated agreements vary in duration. Both the standard agreements and the negotiated agreements contain provisions requiring us to share with the Google Network member a portion of the advertiser fees generated by users clicking on ads on the Google Network member’s web site. The standard agreements have uniform revenue share terms. The negotiated agreements vary as to revenue share terms and are heavily negotiated.
We believe the factors that influence the success of our advertising programs include the following:
| • | The relevance, objectivity and quality of our search results. |
| • | The number and type of searches initiated at our web sites or our Google Network members’ web sites. |
| • | The advertisers’ return on investment from advertising campaigns on our web sites or on the web sites of our Google Network members compared to other forms of advertising. |
| • | The number of advertisers. |
| • | The total and per click advertising spending budgets of an advertiser. |
| • | The monetization of (or generation of revenue from) traffic on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites. |
We believe that the monetization of traffic on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites is affected by the following factors:
| • | The relevance and quality of advertisements displayed with search results on our web sites and on our Google Network members’ web sites, or with the content on our Google Network members’ web sites. |
| • | The number and prominence of ads displayed with each search results page on our web sites and on our Google Network members’ web sites, as well as with each content page on our Google Network members’ web sites. |
| • | The total number of advertisements displayed on our web sites and on our Google Network members’ web sites. |
| • | The rate at which people click on advertisements. |
| • | Our minimum fee per click, which is currently $0.05. |
Advertising revenues made up no less than 97% of our total revenues in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2004. We derive the balance of our revenues from the license of our web search technology, the license of our search solutions to enterprises and the sale and license of other products and services.
Trends in Our Business
Our business has grown rapidly since inception, and we expect that our business will continue to grow. This growth has been characterized by substantially increased revenues. However, although our revenue growth rate increased in the third quarter of 2004 compared to the second quarter of 2004, our revenue growth rate has generally declined, and we expect it will continue to do so as a result of increasing competition and the inevitable decline in growth rates as our revenues increase to higher levels. Consequently, we believe that our revenue growth rate from the second quarter to the third quarter of 2004 may not be sustainable into the fourth quarter of this year and in future periods. In addition, the main focus of our advertising programs is to provide relevant and useful advertising to our users, reflecting our commitment to constantly improve their overall web experience, and therefore steps we take to improve the relevance of the ads displayed on our web sites, such as removing ads that generate low click-through rates, could negatively affect our near-term advertising revenues.
We expect that our operating margin will decline in 2004 compared to 2003 primarily as a result of a $201.0 million non-recurring charge taken in the third quarter of 2004 related to the settlement of disputes with Yahoo.
19
Our operating margin before this charge was slightly greater in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 compared to the year ended December 31, 2003 primarily as a result of a decrease in stock-based compensation as a percentage of revenues. We also expect that our operating margin before this charge will be slightly greater in 2004 compared to 2003 primarily because we expect that our stock-based compensation charges will continue to decrease as a percentage of revenues, at least in the near term. See Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included at the beginning of this report for a presentation of certain of our expected future stock-based compensation charges. Anticipated changes to the accounting rules for stock-based compensation, as well as any changes to our equity compensation model, will affect the level of stock-based compensation we expect to recognize and, correspondingly, our operating margins in the future.
The increase in our operating margin before the charge related to the settlement of disputes with Yahoo in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 compared to the year ended December 31, 2003, which was primarily as a result of a decrease in stock-based compensation charges as a percentage of revenues, was substantially offset by an increase in traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of revenues. This is because a greater portion of our revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 compared to the year ended December 31, 2003 was from our Google Network members’ web sites rather than from our Google web sites. The operating margin we realize on revenues generated from the web sites of our Google Network members through our AdSense program is significantly lower than that generated from paid clicks on our web sites. This lower operating margin arises because most of the advertiser fees from our AdSense agreements are shared with our Google Network members, leaving only a portion of these fees for us. The growth in advertising revenues from our Google Network members’ web sites has until recently exceeded that from our web sites. This has resulted in an increased portion of our revenue being derived from our Google Network members’ web sites and has had a negative impact on operating margins. The relative rate of growth in revenues from our web sites compared to the rate of growth in revenues from our Google Network members’ web sites may vary over time. For example, in the second and third quarters of 2004, growth in advertising revenues from our web sites exceeded that from our Google Network members’ web sites and we expect that it will continue to do so in the foreseeable future.
Our operating margin may experience downward pressure in the future as we build the necessary employee and systems infrastructures required to manage our anticipated growth and we expect that the growth rate of our costs and expenses, other than stock-based compensation and the non-recurring charge related to the settlement of disputes with Yahoo, may exceed the growth rate of our revenues during 2004 and beyond. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience substantial growth in our operations as we seek to expand our user, advertiser and Google Network members bases and continue to expand our presence in international markets. This growth has required the continued expansion of our human resources and substantial investments in property and equipment. Our full-time employee headcount has grown from 1,628 at December 31, 2003 to 2,668 at September 30, 2004. In addition, we have employed a significant number of temporary employees in the past and expect to continue to do so in the foreseeable future. Our capital expenditures have grown from $120.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 to $259.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2004. We expect to spend over $300 million on capital equipment, including information technology infrastructure, to manage our operations during 2004. Management of this growth will continue to require the devotion of significant employee and other resources and we may not be able to manage this growth effectively.
The portion of our revenues derived from international markets has increased. Our international revenues have grown as a percentage of our total revenues from 30% in the three months ended September 30, 2003 to 35% in the three months ended September 30, 2004, and have grown from 29% in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 to 33% in the nine months ended September 30, 2004. This increase in the portion of our revenues derived from international markets results largely from increased acceptance of our advertising programs in international markets, an increase in our direct sales resources and customer support operations in international markets and our continued progress in developing versions of our products tailored for these markets.
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Results of Operations
The following is a more detailed discussion of our financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented.
The following table presents our historical operating results as a percentage of revenues for the periods indicated:
| Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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| September 30, 2003 |
June 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
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| (unaudited) | (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||
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Consolidated Statements of Income Data: |
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Revenues |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||
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Costs and expenses: |
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Cost of revenues |
43.3 | 46.6 | 44.9 | 39.3 | 46.5 | ||||||||||
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Research and development |
8.3 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 6.4 | ||||||||||
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Sales and marketing |
9.3 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.3 | 7.9 | ||||||||||
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General and administrative |
3.5 | 3.7 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 4.1 | ||||||||||
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Stock-based compensation |
18.7 | 10.7 | 8.5 | 15.1 | 10.2 | ||||||||||
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Non-recurring portion of settlement of disputes with Yahoo |
— | — | 24.9 | — | 9.3 | ||||||||||
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Total costs and expenses |
83.1 | 75.6 | 98.6 | 73.1 | 84.4 | ||||||||||
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Income from operations |
16.9 | 24.4 | 1.4 | 26.9 | 15.6 | ||||||||||
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Interest income (expense) and other, net |
0.1 | (0.2 | ) | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||||||||
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Income before income taxes |
17.0 | 24.2 | 1.9 | 27.0 | 15.7 | ||||||||||
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Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
11.8 | 12.9 | (4.6 | ) | 18.8 | 6.7 | |||||||||
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Net income |
5.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 6.5 | % | 8.2 | % | 9.0 | % | |||||
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Revenues
The following table presents our revenues, by revenue source, for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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| September 30, 2003 |
June 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
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Advertising revenues: |
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Google web sites |
$ | 207,239 | $ | 343,442 | $ | 411,671 | $ | 548,240 | $ | 1,058,645 | |||||
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Google Network web sites |
174,444 | 346,226 | 384,285 | 373,246 | 1,064,263 | ||||||||||
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Total advertising revenues |
381,683 | 689,668 | 795,956 | 921,486 | 2,122,908 | ||||||||||
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Licensing and other revenues |
12,259 | 10,544 | 9,931 | 32,273 | 34,814 | ||||||||||
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Revenues |
$ | 393,942 | $ | 700,212 | $ | 805,887 | $ | 953,759 | $ | 2,157,722 | |||||
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The following table presents our revenues, by revenue source, as a percentage of total revenues for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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| September 30, 2003 |
June 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
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Advertising revenues: |
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Google web sites |
53 | % | 49 | % | 51 | % | 58 | % | 49 | % | |||||
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Google Network web sites |
44 | 49 | 48 | 39 | 49 | ||||||||||
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Total advertising revenues |
97 | 98 | 99 | 97 | 98 | ||||||||||
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Google web sites as % of advertising revenues |
54 | 50 | 52 | 60 | 50 | ||||||||||
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Google Network web sites as % of advertising revenues |
46 | 50 | 48 | 40 | 50 | ||||||||||
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Licensing and other revenues |
3 | % | 2 | % | 1 | % | 3 | % | 2 | % | |||||
Growth in our revenues from the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004 resulted primarily from growth in advertising revenues from ads on our Google Network members’ web sites and growth in revenues from ads on our web sites. This increase resulted primarily from increases in the number of paid clicks rather than from changes in the fees charged. The increase in the number of paid clicks was due to an increase in the number of Google Network members and aggregate traffic at their web sites and on our web sites and improvements in our ability to monetize this increased traffic on our web sites. Revenue growth was driven to a lesser extent by growth in our AdSense for content business, which was introduced in the first quarter of 2003.
Growth in our revenues from the three months ended June 30, 2004 to the three months ended September 30, 2004 resulted primarily from growth in advertising revenues from ads on our web sites and growth in revenues from ads on our Google Network members’ web sites. The advertising revenue growth resulted primarily from increases in the total number of paid clicks rather than from changes in the fees charged. Our revenues grew by 7.5% from the three month period ended March 31, 2004 to the three month period ended June 30, 2004, but grew by 15.1% from the three month period ended June 30, 2004 to the three month period ended September 30, 2004. The reasons for the increases in the sequential quarter revenue growth rates are described in the following paragraphs.
Growth in advertising revenues from our Google Network members’ web sites from the three months ended June 30, 2004 to the three months ended September 30, 2004 was $38.1 million or 11.0%, compared to $12.5 million or 3.7% from the three months ended March 31, 2004 to the three months ended June 30, 2004. The increase in the growth rate is attributable to growth in the number of page views and search queries, and ultimately paid clicks. The growth in the number of page views and ultimately paid clicks is primarily attributable to more aggregate advertisements displayed on the content pages of Google Network members’ web sites under AdSense for content agreements. This is a result of our entering into more of these agreements over the second and third quarters compared to the first and second quarters of this year. Nevertheless, these growth rates are much less than the 30.7% growth rate we realized in the three months ended March 31, 2004 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2003 as a result of slower growth in the number of paid clicks on our Google Network member web sites due primarily to our entering into no new significant AdSense for search agreements in the six months ended September 30, 2004 and as a result of seasonality during the summer months. Although we entered into a significant new AdSense for search agreement in October 2004, the growth in advertising revenues from our Google Network members’ web sites is expected to be less than the growth in revenues from our web sites for the foreseeable future.
Growth in advertising revenues from our web sites from the three months ended June 30, 2004 to the three months ended September 30, 2004 was $68.3 million or 19.9% compared to $39.9 million or 13.2% from the
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three months ended March 31, 2004 to the three months ended June 30, 2004. The increase in the growth rate for the third quarter of 2004 is primarily attributable to growth in the number of paid clicks which may be a result of increased traffic due to publicity around our initial public offering completed during this period and improvements in our ability to monetize this increased traffic.
We believe that the increase in the number of paid clicks was the result of the relevance and quality of both the search results and advertisements displayed, which resulted in more searches, advertisers and Google Network members, and ultimately, more paid clicks. We expect our revenue growth rates will generally decline in the future as a result of increasing competition and the inevitable decline in growth rates as our revenues increase to higher levels. Furthermore, our revenue growth rate from the second to the third quarter of 2004 may not be sustainable into the fourth quarter of this year and beyond.
Revenues by Geography
Domestic and international revenues as a percentage of consolidated revenues, determined based on the billing addresses of our advertisers, are set forth below.
| Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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| September 30, 2003 |
June 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
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| (unaudited) | (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||
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United States |
70 | % | 69 | % | 65 | % | 71 | % | 67 | % | |||||
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International |
30 | % | 31 | % | 35 | % | 29 | % | 33 | % | |||||
The growth in international revenues is the result of our efforts to provide search results to international users and deliver more ads from non-U.S. advertisers. We expect that international revenues will continue to grow as a percentage of our total revenues in the future. While international revenues accounted for approximately 29% of our total revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 33% in the nine months ended September 30, 2004, more than half of our user traffic came from outside the U.S. See Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included at the beginning of this report for additional information about geographic areas.
Costs and Expenses
Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues consists primarily of traffic acquisition costs. Traffic acquisition costs consist of amounts owed to our Google Network members. These amounts owed are primarily based on revenue share arrangements under which we pay our Google Network members most of the fees we receive from our advertisers whose ads we place on those Google Network member sites. In addition, certain AdSense agreements obligate us to make guaranteed minimum revenue share payments to Google Network members based on their achieving defined performance terms, such as number of search queries or advertisements displayed. We amortize guaranteed minimum revenue share prepayments (or accrete an amount payable to our Google Network member if the payment is due in arrears) based on the number of search queries or advertisements displayed on the Google Network member’s web site. In addition, concurrent with the commencement of certain AdSense agreements we have purchased certain items from, or provided other consideration to, our Google Network members. These amounts are amortized on a ratable basis over the related term of the agreement.
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The following table presents our traffic acquisition costs (in millions), traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of advertising revenues from Google Network web sites and traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of advertising revenues, for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
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|
September 30, 2003 |
June 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2003 |
September 30, 2004 |
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| (unaudited) | (unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||
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Traffic acquisition costs |
$ | 143.5 | $ | 277.0 | $ | 302.9 | $ | 310.2 | $ | 851.0 | ||||||||||
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Traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of advertising revenues from Google Network web sites |
82 | % | 80 | % | 79 | % | 83 | % | 80 | % | ||||||||||
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Traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of advertising revenues |
38 | % | 40 | % | 38 | % | 34 | % | 40 | % | ||||||||||
In addition, cost of revenues consists of the expenses associated with the operation of our data centers, including depreciation, labor, energy and bandwidth costs. Cost of revenues also includes credit card and other transaction fees related to processing customer transactions, as well as expenses related to amortization of purchased and licensed technologies.
Cost of revenues increased by $35.7 million to $362.1 million (or 44.9% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2004, from $326.4 million (or 46.6% of revenues) in the three months ended June 30, 2004. This increase in dollars was primarily the result of additional traffic acquisition costs and the depreciation of additional information technology assets purchased in the current and prior periods and additional data center costs required to manage more Internet traffic, advertising transactions and new products and services. There was an increase in traffic acquisition costs of $25.9 million and an increase in data center costs of $6.1 million primarily resulting from the depreciation of additional information technology assets purchased in the current and prior periods.
Traffic acquisition costs decreased as a percentage of advertising revenues from Google Network web sites in the three months ended September 30, 2004 compared to the prior quarter because more of these revenues came from members with whom we generally have lower revenue share obligations. Also, the aggregate dollar amount by which guaranteed revenue share and other payments to Google Network members exceeded the fees we received from advertisers under certain AdSense agreements was less in the three months ended September 30, 2004 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2004, which contributed to the decrease in traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of advertising revenues from Google Network web sites. In addition, traffic acquisition costs decreased as a percentage of advertising revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2004, primarily because of proportionately lower advertising revenues from ads on our Google Network members’ web sites compared to Google web sites and as a result of the reasons noted above.
Cost of revenues increased by $191.7 million to $362.1 million (or 44.9% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2004, from $170.4 million (or 43.3% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2003. This increase was primarily the result of additional traffic acquisition costs and the depreciation of additional information technology assets purchased in the current and prior periods and additional data center costs required to manage more Internet traffic, advertising transactions and new products and services. There was an increase in traffic acquisition costs of $159.4 million and an increase in data center costs of $22.9 million primarily resulting from the depreciation of additional information technology assets purchased in the current and prior periods. In addition, there was an increase in credit card and other transaction processing fees of $6.2 million resulting from more advertiser fees generated through AdWords. In addition, there was an increase in cost of revenues of $1.3 million related to amortization of developed technology resulting from acquisitions in 2004.
Cost of revenues increased by $628.9 million to $1,003.9 million (or 46.5% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2004, from $375.0 million (or 39.3% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30,
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2003. This increase was primarily the result of additional traffic acquisition costs and the depreciation of additional information technology assets purchased in the current and prior periods and additional data center costs required to manage more Internet traffic, advertising transactions and new products and services. There was an increase in traffic acquisition costs of $540.8 million and in data center costs of $62.5 million primarily resulting from the depreciation of additional information technology assets purchased in the current and prior periods. In addition, there was an increase in credit card and other transaction processing fees of $19.3 million resulting from more advertiser fees generated through AdWords.
We expect cost of revenues to continue to increase in dollars and as a percentage of revenues in 2004 compared to 2003 primarily as a result of forecasted increases in traffic acquisition costs, and in our data center costs required to manage increased traffic, advertising transactions and new products and services. Although traffic acquisition costs decreased as a percentage of revenues in the third quarter of 2004 as compared to the second quarter of 2004, we expect traffic acquisition costs to increase as a percentage of revenues in 2004 compared to 2003, primarily as a result of forecasted proportionately greater advertising revenues from ads on our Google Network members’ web sites compared to Google web sites. Also, increasing competition for arrangements with web sites that are potential Google Network members could result in our entering into more AdSense agreements under which guaranteed revenue share and other payments to Google Network members exceed the fees we receive from advertisers.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel responsible for the research and development of new products and services, as well as significant improvements to existing products and services. We expense research and development costs as they are incurred.
Research and development expenses increased by $11.6 million to $57.4 million (or 7.1% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2004, from $45.8 million (or 6.5% of revenues) in the three months ended June 30, 2004. This increase was primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $9.5 million as a result of a 23% increase in research and development headcount. In addition, depreciation and related expenses increased by $2.2 million primarily as a result of additional information technology assets purchased over the six months ended September 30, 2004.
Research and development expenses increased by $24.6 million to $57.4 million (or 7.1% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2004, from $32.8 million (or 8.3% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2003. This increase in dollars was primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $26.5 million as a result of a 97% increase in research and development headcount. In addition, depreciation and related expenses increased by $7.0 million primarily as a result of additional information technology assets purchased over the fifteen-month period ended September 30, 2004. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $11.6 million in in-process research and development expenses.
Research and development expenses increased by $75.4 million to $138.2 million (or 6.4% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2004, from $62.8 million (or 6.6% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2003. This increase in dollars was primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $61.8 million as a result of a 97% increase in research and development headcount. In addition, depreciation and related expenses increased by $19.4 million primarily as a result of additional information technology assets purchased over the twenty one-month period ended September 30, 2004. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $10.6 million in in-process research and development.
We anticipate that research and development expenses will continue to increase in dollar amount and may increase as a percentage of revenues in 2004 and in the future because we expect to hire more research and development personnel and build the infrastructure required to support the development of new, and improve existing, products and services.
25
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel engaged in customer service and sales and sales support functions, as well as advertising and promotional expenditures.
Sales and marketing expenses increased $8.7 million to $65.5 million (or 8.1% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2004, from $56.8 million (or 8.1% of revenues) in the three months ended June 30, 2004. This increase in dollars was primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $5.5 million mostly as a result of a 16% increase in sales and marketing headcount. In addition, advertising and promotional expenses increased $1.1 million. The increase in sales and marketing personnel and advertising and promotional expenses was a result of our on-going efforts to secure new, and to provide support to our existing users, advertisers and Google Network members, on a worldwide basis.
Sales and marketing expenses increased $28.9 million to $65.5 million (or 8.1% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2004, from $36.6 million (or 9.3% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2003. This increase was primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $22.0 million mostly as a result of an 88% increase in sales and marketing headcount. In addition, advertising and promotional expenses increased $2.2 million.
Sales and marketing expenses increased $91.0 million to $170.2 million (or 7.9% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2004, from $79.2 million (or 8.3% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2003. This increase in dollars was primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $65.0 million mostly as a result of an 88% increase in sales and marketing headcount. In addition, advertising and promotional expenses increased $13.1 million and travel-related expenses increased $2.6 million.
We anticipate sales and marketing expenses will continue to increase in dollar amount and may increase as a percentage of revenues in 2004 and in the future as we continue to expand our business on a worldwide basis. A significant portion of these increases relate to our plan to add support personnel to increase the level of service we provide to our advertisers and Google Network members.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel and facilities related to our finance, human resources, facilities, information technology and legal organizations, and fees for professional services. Professional services are principally comprised of outside legal, audit and information technology consulting. To date, we have not experienced any significant amount of bad debts.
General and administrative expenses increased $15.2 million to $40.8 million (or 5.1% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2004, from $25.6 million (or 3.7% of revenues) in the three months ended June 30, 2004. This increase was primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $7.5 million, primarily as a result of a 9% increase in headcount, and an increase in professional services fees of $3.9 million. The additional personnel and professional services fees are primarily the result of our on-going efforts to build the legal, finance, human resources, recruiting and information technology functions required of a growing public company.
General and administrative expenses increased $26.9 million to $40.8 million (or 5.1% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2004, from $13.9 million (or 3.5% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2003. This increase in dollars was primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $13.0 million, primarily as a result of an 83% increase in headcount, and an increase in professional services fees of $7.5 million.
General and administrative expenses increased $51.7 million to $88.1 million (or 4.1% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2004, from $36.4 million (or 3.8% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2003. This increase in dollars was primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $25.8 million, primarily as a result of an 83% increase in headcount, and an increase in professional services fees of $14.5 million.
26
As we expand our business and incur additional expenses associated with being a growing public company, we believe general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in dollar amount and may increase as a percentage of revenues in 2004 and in the future.
Stock-Based Compensation. Prior to the date of our initial public offering, we typically granted stock options at exercise prices equal to or less than the value of the underlying stock as determined by our board of directors on the date of option grant. For purposes of financial accounting, we have applied hindsight to arrive at reassessed values for the shares underlying these options. We recorded the difference between the exercise price of an option awarded to an employee and the reassessed value of the underlying shares on the date of grant as deferred stock-based compensation. The determination of the reassessed value of stock underlying options is discussed in detail below in “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Stock-Based Compensation.” We recognize compensation expense as we amortize the deferred stock-based compensation amounts on an accelerated basis over the related vesting periods, generally four or five years. After the initial public offering, options have been granted at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date of option grant. In addition, we have awarded options to non-employees to purchase our common stock. Stock-based compensation related to non-employees is measured on a fair-value basis using the Black-Scholes valuation model as the options are earned.
Stock-based compensation in the three months ended September 30, 2004 decreased $6.8 million to $68.0 million (or 8.4% of revenues) from $74.8 million (or 10.7% of revenues) in the three months ended June 30, 2004. Stock-based compensation in the three months ended September 30, 2004 decreased $5.8 million to $68.0 million (or 8.4% of revenues) from $73.8 million (or 18.7% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2003. These decreases were primarily due to a decrease in the level of stock option grants and smaller differences between the exercise prices and the reassessed values of the underlying common stock on the dates of grant in the three months ended September 30, 2004, as well as less amortization of deferred stock-based compensation amounts from prior periods recognized in the current period. In addition, after the initial public offering, options were granted at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date of grant. As a result, these options were granted with no intrinsic value and, accordingly, no related stock-based compensation will be recognized under the current accounting rules.
Stock-based compensation in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 increased $74.8 million to $219.2 million (or 10.2% of revenues) from $144.4 million (or 15.1% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2003. The increase in dollars was primarily driven by the larger differences between the exercise prices and the reassessed values of the underlying common stock on the dates of grant, partially offset by a decrease in the level of stock option grants, in recent periods. The increase was also driven by the recognition of $3.9 million of stock-based compensation related to the modification of terms of former employees’ stock option agreements in the nine-months ended September 30, 2004. No such modifications were made in the nine-months ended September 30, 2003.
We expect stock-based compensation to be $54.6 million for the remaining three months of 2004, $139.2 million in 2005, $67.5 million in 2006, $24.4 million in 2007, $5.3 million in 2008 and $1.7 million thereafter, related to the deferred stock-based compensation on the balance sheet at September 30, 2004. These amounts do not include stock-based compensation related to options granted to non-employees and any options that may be granted to employees and directors subsequent to September 30, 2004 at exercise prices less than the fair market value on the date of grant and any additional compensation expense that may be required as a result of any changes in the stock option accounting rules or changes to our equity compensation model. These amounts also assume the continued employment throughout the referenced periods of the recipient of the options that gave rise to the deferred stock-based compensation.
At December 31, 2003, there were 500,150 unvested options held by non-employees with a weighted average exercise price of $0.69, a weighted average 48-month remaining vesting period and a weighted average 4-year remaining expected life. No options that vest over time were granted to non-employees in the nine months
27
ended September 30, 2004. These options generally vest on a monthly and ratable basis subsequent to December 31, 2003. Depending on the fair market value of these options on their vesting dates, which will depend in significant part on the then current trading price of our Class A common stock, the related charge could be significant during 2004 and subsequent periods. We recognized $8.2 million of stock-based compensation related to these options that vest over time in the nine months ended September 30, 2004.
See Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included at the beginning of this report for additional information about stock-based compensation.
Non-recurring portion of settlement of Disputes with Yahoo
On August 9, 2004, we and Yahoo entered into a settlement agreement resolving two disputes that had been pending between us. The first dispute concerned a lawsuit filed by Yahoo’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Overture Services, Inc., against us in April 2002 asserting that certain services infringed Overture’s U.S. Patent No. 6,269,361. In our court filings, we denied that we infringed the patent and alleged that the patent was invalid and unenforceable.
The second dispute concerned a warrant held by Yahoo to purchase 3,719,056 shares of our stock in connection with a June 2000 services agreement. Pursuant to a conversion provision in the warrant, in June 2003 we issued 1,229,944 shares to Yahoo. Yahoo contended it was entitled to a greater number of shares, while we contended that we had fully complied with the terms of the warrant.
As part of the settlement, Overture dismissed its patent lawsuit against us and has granted us a fully-paid, perpetual license to the patent that was the subject of the lawsuit and several related patent applications held by Overture. The parties also mutually released any claims against each other concerning the warrant dispute. In connection with the settlement of these two disputes, we issued to Yahoo 2,700,000 shares of Class A common stock.
We incurred a non-recurring non-cash charge of $201.0 million in the third quarter of 2004 related to this settlement. The non-cash charge included among other items, the value of shares associated with the settlement of the warrant dispute. See Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included at the beginning of this report for additional information about the settlement of disputes with Yahoo.
Interest Income (Expense) and Other, Net
Interest income (expense) and other of $3.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2004 was primarily the result of $4.1 million of interest income earned on our significant larger cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balances. This was partially offset by approximately $200,000 of interest expense incurred on equipment leases, including the amortization of the fair value of warrants issued to lenders in prior years.
Interest income (expense) and other of approximately $500,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2003 was primarily the result of $1.2 million of other income recognized, primarily related to a gain recorded for certain upfront fees paid by advertisers whose ads were not delivered during the related contract periods. In addition, we earned approximately $600,000 of interest income on cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balances. These income amounts were partially offset by approximately $900,000 of foreign exchange losses from net receivables denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars as a result of generally weakening foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar during the three months ended September 30, 2003, and approximately $400,000 of interest expense incurred on equipment loans and leases, including the amortization of the fair value of warrants issued to lenders in prior years.
Interest income (expense) and other of $2.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 was primarily the result of $6.8 million of interest income earned on cash, cash equivalents and short-term
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investments balances. This was partially offset by $3.4 million of foreign exchange losses from net receivables denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars as a result of generally weakening foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar during the nine months ended September 30, 2004, and approximately $700,000 of interest expense incurred on equipment leases, including the amortization of the fair value of warrants issued to lenders in prior years.
Interest income (expense) and other of $1.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 was primarily the result of approximately $1.8 million of interest income earned on cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balances and $1.2 million of other income recognized, primarily related to a gain recorded for certain upfront fees paid by advertisers whose ads were not delivered during the related contract periods. These income sources were partially offset by approximately $1.4 million of interest expense incurred on equipment loans and leases, including the amortization of the fair value of warrants issued to lenders in prior years, approximately $200,000 of foreign exchange losses from net receivables denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars as a result of generally weakening foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar during the nine months ended September 30, 2003, and approximately $200,000 of losses incurred on the disposal of certain assets.
Provision for Income Taxes
We recorded an income taxes benefit of $37.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2004 compared to a $90.4 million provision for income taxes and a 53% effective tax rate in the three months ended June 30, 2004, primarily as a result of a $46.0 million benefit recorded in the third quarter related to certain stock-based compensation charges recognized prior to the initial public offering. No reductions had been made previously to our provision for income taxes related to such charges and the associated tax benefit is only now being recognized as a result of our transformation from a private to a publicly-held company. As the accounting reflects a change in estimate to our provision for income taxes for the remainder of 2004, we will record an additional reduction to our provision for income taxes in the fourth quarter related to these stock-based compensation charges recognized prior to the initial public offering. In addition, as we continue to recognize stock-based compensation related to these options, we will also record a reduction to our provision for income taxes. We expect our effective tax rate for the fourth quarter and all of 2004 to be significantly lower than the 53% effective tax rate in the second quarter.
Our provision for income taxes decreased to $145.0 million, or an effective tax rate of 43% in the nine months ended September 30, 2004, from $178.8 million or an effective tax rate of 70% in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 primarily due to the reasons noted above and as a result of lower stock-based compensation charges in relation to income before income taxes.
Our effective tax rate has historically been higher than the statutory rate because, in arriving at income before income taxes, we include in our costs and expenses significant non-cash expenses related to stock-based compensation, which are recognized for financial reporting purposes, but are not deductible for income tax purposes.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
In summary, our cash flows were:
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||
| 2003 |
2004 |
|||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||
|
Net cash provided by operating activities |
$ | 308,902 | $ | 608,947 | ||||
|
Net cash used in investing activities |
(135,348 | ) | (1,604,722 | ) | ||||
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
4,214 | 1,194,328 | ||||||
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Since inception and through the completion of our initial public offering, we financed our operations primarily through internally generated funds, private sales of preferred stock and stock warrants totaling $59.5 million and the use of our lines of credit with several financial institutions. As a result of the completion of our initial public offering in August 2004, we raised $1,161.4 million of net proceeds. At September 30, 2004, we had $1,858.4 million of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Cash equivalents and short-term investments are comprised of highly liquid debt instruments of the U.S. corporations, municipalities and the U.S. government and its agencies. Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included as part of this report describes further the composition of our short-term investments.
Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, as well as the cash flow that we generate from our operations. At September 30, 2004 and December 31, 2003, we had unused letters of credit for approximately $14.9 million and $12.2 million. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and cash generated from operations will be sufficient to satisfy our currently anticipated cash requirements through at least the next 12 months. Our liquidity could be negatively affected by a decrease in demand for our products and services. In addition, we may make acquisitions or license products and technologies complementary to our business and may need to raise additional capital through future debt or equity financing to the extent necessary to fund any such acquisitions and licensing activities. Additional financing may not be available at all or on terms favorable to us.
Cash provided by operating activities primarily consisted of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items including depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, tax benefits from exercise of warrants, the non-recurring portion of our settlement of disputes with Yahoo and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities. Cash provided by operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 was $608.9 million and consisted of net income of $195.0 million, adjustments for non-cash items of $662.1 million and offset by $248.2 million used in working capital and other activities. Adjustments for non-cash items primarily included $219.2 million of stock-based compensation, $145.0 million of tax benefits from exercise of warrants, which resulted in a decrease to our income tax obligation, and $201.0 million related to the non-recurring portion of the settlement of disputes with Yahoo. Working capital activities primarily consisted of a net increase in income taxes receivable and deferred income taxes of $182.4 million primarily due to the exercises of warrants and a tax benefit related to certain stock-based compensation charges recognized prior to the initial public offering. In addition, working capital activities consisted of an increase of $78.4 million in accounts receivable due to the growth in fees billed to our advertisers.
Cash provided by operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 was $308.9 million and consisted of net income of $78.4 million, adjustments for non-cash items of $193.2 million and $37.3 million provided by working capital and other activities. Adjustments for non-cash items primarily included $144.4 million of stock-based compensation. Working capital and other activities primarily consisted of an increase of $35.2 million in accounts payable and an increase of $58.0 million in accrued revenue share due to the growth in our AdSense programs and the timing of payments made to our Google Network members, partially offset by an increase of $54.5 million in accounts receivable due to the growth in fees billed our advertisers.
As warrants to purchase an additional 487,184 shares of our stock, and as certain options to purchase additional shares of Class A and Class B common stock are exercised as anticipated over the current and future years, we expect to realize additional reductions in our tax liabilities. The reduction in our tax liability is computed based on the applicable statutory rates and the difference between the value of our stock on the date of exercise or issuance, as determined by the market, and the price paid for those shares.
Also, as we expand our business internationally, we may offer payment terms to certain advertisers that are standard in their locales, but longer than terms we would generally offer to our domestic advertisers. This may increase our working capital requirements and may have a negative effect on cash flow provided by our operating activities. In addition, we expect that, now that we have become a public company, our cash-based compensation per employee will likely increase (in the form of variable bonus awards and other incentive arrangements) in order to retain and attract employees.
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Cash used in investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 of $1,604.7 million was attributable to net purchases of short-term investments of $1,329.0 million, capital expenditures of $259.9 million and cash consideration used in acquisitions and other investments of $15.8 million. Cash used in investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 of $135.3 million was attributable to capital expenditures of $120.3 million, cash consideration used in acquisitions of $40.0 million, partially offset by net maturities of short-term investments of $24.9 million.
Capital expenditures are mainly for the purchase of information technology assets. In order to manage expected increases in internet traffic, advertising transactions and new products and services, and to support our overall global business expansion, we will continue to invest heavily in data center operations, technology, corporate facilities and information technology infrastructure. We expect to spend over $300 million on capital equipment, including information technology infrastructure comprised primarily of production servers and network equipment, to manage our operations during 2004.
Cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 of $1,194.3 million was due primarily to net proceeds from the initial public offering of $1,161.4 million. Costs related to our initial public offering were approximately $40.6 million. Cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 of $4.2 million was due to proceeds from the issuance of common stock pursuant to stock option exercises of $10.6 million, net of repurchases, offset by repayment of equipment loans and capital lease obligations of $6.4 million.
Contractual Obligations
Certain AdSense agreements obligate us to make guaranteed minimum revenue share payments to Google Network members based on their achieving defined performance terms, such as number of search queries or advertisements displayed. At October 31, 2004, our aggregate outstanding non-cancellable minimum guarantee commitments totaled $461.0 million through 2007 compared to $369.4 million at June 30, 2004 and $477.0 million at December 31, 2003.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. In doing so, we have to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. In many cases, we could reasonably have used different accounting policies and estimates. In some cases changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from our estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations will be affected. We base our estimates on past experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. We refer to accounting estimates of this type as critical accounting policies and estimates, which we discuss further below. Our management has reviewed our critical accounting policies and estimates with our board of directors.
Stock-based Compensation
Accounting for Stock-Based Awards to Employees
Prior to the initial public offering, we typically granted stock options at exercise prices equal to or less than the value of the underlying stock as determined by our board of directors on the date of option grant. For purposes of financial accounting, we have applied hindsight to arrive at reassessed values for the shares underlying these options. After the initial public offering, options have been granted at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date of option grant. There are two measures of value of our
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common stock that were relevant to our accounting for equity compensation relating to our compensatory equity grants prior to our initial public offering:
| • | The “board-determined value” is the per share value of our common stock determined by our board of directors at the time the board made an equity grant, taking into account a variety of factors, including our historical and projected financial results, comparisons of comparable companies, risks facing us, as well as the liquidity of the common stock. |
| • | The “reassessed value” is the per share value of our common stock determined by us in hindsight solely for the purpose of financial accounting for employee stock-based compensation. |
We recorded deferred stock-based compensation to the extent that the reassessed value of the stock at the date of grant exceeded the exercise price of the option. The reassessed values for accounting purposes were determined based on a number of factors and methodologies. One of the significant methods we used to determine the reassessed values for the shares underlying options is through a comparison of price multiples of our historical and forecasted earnings to certain public companies involved in the same or similar lines of business. The market capitalizations of these companies increased significantly from January 2003 through July 2004 which contributed significantly to the increase in the reassessed values of our shares. We also considered our financial performance and growth, primarily since January 2003. Our revenue and earnings growth rates contributed significantly to the increase in the reassessed values of our shares. The reassessed values of our shares increased more significantly in dollar and percentage terms in earlier periods compared to later ones which are reflective of the related revenue and earnings growth rates. We also retained third party advisors to provide two contemporaneous valuation analyses since January 2003 and used this information to support our own valuation analyses. Please note that these reassessed values are inherently uncertain and highly subjective. If we had made different assumptions, our deferred stock-based compensation amount, stock-based compensation expense, in-process research and development expense, net income, net income per share and recorded goodwill amounts could have been significantly different.
The table below shows the computation of deferred stock-based compensation amounts arising from restricted shares and unvested stock options granted to employees for each of the three and nine month periods set forth below:
| Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||
|
September 30, 2003 |
September 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2003 |
September 30, 2004 |
|||||||||
| (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | |||||||||
|
Options granted to employees |
5,785,185 | 635,371 | 17,478,837 | 2,605,671 | ||||||||
|
Weighted average exercise price |
$ | 5.17 | $ | 77.86 | $ | 2.27 | $ | 39.50 | ||||
|
Weighted average reassessed value of underlying stock |
$ | 52.33 | $ | 85.00 | $ | 27.79 | $ | 90.66 | ||||
|
Weighted average reassessed deferred stock-based compensation per option |
$ | 47.17 | $ | 7.14 | $ | 25.52 | $ | 51.16 | ||||
|
Deferred stock-based compensation related to options (in millions) |
$ | 272.9 | $ | 4.5 | $ | 446.1 | $ | 133.3 | ||||
|
Restricted shares granted to employees |
114,999 | — | 234,999 | 16,175 | ||||||||
|
Weighted average reassessed value of restricted shares |
$ | 66.41 | — | $ | 45.75 | $ | 95.09 | |||||
|
Deferred stock-based compensation related to restricted shares (in millions) |
$ | 7.6 | — | $ | 10.8 | $ | 1.5 | |||||
|
Deferred stock-based compensation related to option modifications (in millions) |
$ | — | — | $ | — | $ | 3.9 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Total deferred stock-based compensation (in millions) |
$ | 280.5 | $ | 4.5 | $ | 456.9 | $ | 138.7 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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The above table does not include options granted at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock at the time of, and subsequent to, the initial public offering. Also, it does not include options granted at exercise prices in excess of the reassessed values of the underlying stock prior to the initial public offering. These options were granted with no intrinsic value and, accordingly, no deferred stock-based compensation has been recorded.
Accounting for Stock-Based Awards to Non-employees
We measure the fair value of options to purchase our common stock granted to non-employees throughout the vesting period as they are earned, at which time we recognize a charge to stock-based compensation. The fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which considers the exercise price relative to the reassessed value (for periods before the initial public offering) or the fair market value (for periods after the initial public offering) of the underlying stock, the expected stock price volatility, the risk-free interest rate and the dividend yield. As discussed above, the reassessed value of the underlying stock were based on assumptions of matters that are inherently highly uncertain and subjective. As there has been no public market for our stock for most periods presented, and little meaningful empirical public market trading data for the period of time there was a public market for our stock, our assumptions about stock-price volatility are based on the volatility rates of comparable publicly held companies. These rates may or may not reflect our stock-price volatility after we have been a publicly held company for a meaningful period of time. If we had made different assumptions about the reassessed value of our stock or stock-price volatility rates, the related stock-based compensation expense and our net income and net income per share amounts could have been significantly different.
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FACTORS THAT COULD AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS
Because of the following factors, as well as other variables affecting our operating results and financial condition, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
We face significant competition from Microsoft and Yahoo.
We face formidable competition in every aspect of our business, and particularly from other companies that seek to connect people with information on the web and provide them with relevant advertising. Currently, we consider our primary competitors to be Microsoft Corporation and Yahoo! Inc. Microsoft recently introduced a test version of a new search engine and has announced plans to develop features that may make web search a more integrated part of its Windows operating system. We expect that Microsoft will increasingly use its financial and engineering resources to compete with us. Yahoo has become an increasingly significant competitor, having acquired Overture Services, which offers Internet advertising solutions that compete with our AdWords and AdSense programs, as well as the Inktomi, AltaVista and AllTheWeb search engines.
Both Microsoft and Yahoo have more employees than we do (in Microsoft’s case, currently more than 20 times as many). Microsoft also has significantly more cash resources than we do. Both of these companies also have longer operating histories and more established relationships with customers. They can use their experience and resources against us in a variety of competitive ways, including by making acquisitions, investing more aggressively in research and development and competing more aggressively for advertisers and web sites. Microsoft and Yahoo also may have a greater ability to attract and retain users than we do because they operate Internet portals with a broad range of content, products and services. If Microsoft or Yahoo are successful in providing similar or better web search results compared to ours or leverage their platforms to make their web search services easier to access than ours, we could experience a significant decline in user traffic. Any such decline in traffic could negatively affect our revenues.
We face competition from other Internet companies, including web search providers, Internet advertising companies and destination web sites that may also bundle their services with Internet access.
In addition to Microsoft and Yahoo, we face competition from other web search providers, including companies that are not yet known to us. We compete with Internet advertising companies, particularly in the areas of pay-for-performance and keyword-targeted Internet advertising. Also, we may compete with companies that sell products and services online because these companies, like us, are trying to attract users to their web sites to search for information about products and services.
We also compete with destination web sites that seek to increase their search-related traffic. These destination web sites may include those operated by Internet access providers, such as cable and DSL service providers. Because our users need to access our services through Internet access providers, they have direct relationships with these providers. If an access provider or a computer or computing device manufacturer offers online services that compete with ours, the user may find it more convenient to use the services of the access provider or manufacturer. In addition, the access provider or manufacturer may make it hard to access our services by not listing them in the access provider’s or manufacturer’s own menu of offerings. Also, because the access provider gathers information from the user in connection with the establishment of a billing relationship, the access provider may be more effective than we are in tailoring services and advertisements to the specific tastes of the user.
There has been a trend toward industry consolidation among our competitors, and so smaller competitors today may become larger competitors in the future. If our competitors are more successful than we are at generating traffic, our revenues may decline.
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We face competition from traditional media companies, and we may not be included in the advertising budgets of large advertisers, which could harm our operating results.
In addition to Internet companies, we face competition from companies that offer traditional media advertising opportunities. Most large advertisers have set advertising budgets, a very small portion of which is allocated to Internet advertising. We expect that large advertisers will continue to focus most of their advertising efforts on traditional media. If we fail to convince these companies to spend a portion of their advertising budgets with us, or if our existing advertisers reduce the amount they spend on our programs, our operating results would be harmed.
We expect our growth rates to decline and anticipate downward pressure on our operating margin in the future.
We expect that in the future our revenue growth rate will decline over time and anticipate that there will be downward pressure on our operating margin. We believe our revenue growth rate will generally decline as a result of increasing competition and the inevitable decline in growth rates as our revenues increase to higher levels. We believe our operating margin will generally decline as a result of increasing competition and increased expenditures for all aspects of our business as a percentage of our revenues, including product development and sales and marketing expenses. Our operating margin may decline to the extent the proportion of our revenues generated from our Google Network members increases. The margin on revenue we generate from our Google Network members is generally significantly less than the margin on revenue we generate from advertising on our web sites. Additionally, the margin we earn on revenue generated from our Google Network could decrease in the future if our Google Network members demand a greater portion of the advertising fees.
Our operating results may fluctuate, which makes our results difficult to predict and could cause our results to fall short of expectations.
Our operating results may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. For these reasons, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. Our quarterly and annual expenses as a percentage of our revenues may be significantly different from our historical or projected rates. Our operating results in future quarters may fall below expectations. Any of these events could cause our stock price to fall. Each of the risk factors listed in this “Risk Factors” section, and the following factors, may affect our operating results:
| • | Our ability to continue to attract users to our web sites. |
| • | The monetization of (or generation of revenue from) traffic on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites. |
| • | Our ability to attract advertisers to our AdWords program. |
| • | Our ability to attract web sites to our AdSense program. |
| • | The mix in our revenues between those generated on our web sites and those generated through our Google Network. |
| • | The amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures related to the maintenance and expansion of our businesses, operations and infrastructure. |
| • | Our focus on long term goals over short term results. |
| • | The results of our investments in risky projects. |
| • | Payments made in connection with the resolution of litigation matters. |
| • | General economic conditions and those economic conditions specific to the Internet and Internet advertising. |
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| • | Our ability to keep our web sites operational at a reasonable cost and without service interruptions. |
| • | Our ability to forecast revenue from agreements under which we guarantee minimum payments. |
| • | Geopolitical events such as war, threat of war or terrorist actions. |
Because our business is changing and evolving, our historical operating results may not be useful to you in predicting our future operating results. In addition, advertising spending has historically been cyclical in nature, reflecting overall economic conditions as well as budgeting and buying patterns. For example, in 1999, advertisers spent heavily on Internet advertising. This was followed by a lengthy downturn in ad spending on the web. Also, user traffic tends to be seasonal. Our rapid growth has masked the cyclicality and seasonality of our business. As our growth slows, we expect that the cyclicality and seasonality in our business may become more pronounced and may in the future cause our operating results to fluctuate.
The trading price for our Class A common stock is volatile.
The trading price of our Class A common stock has been volatile since our initial public offering and will likely continue to be volatile. The trading price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate widely in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include:
| • | Quarterly variations in our results of operations or those of our competitors. |
| • | Announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, new products, significant contracts, commercial relationships or capital commitments. |
| • | Disruption to our operations or those of our Google Network members or our data centers. |
| • | The emergence of new sales channels in which we are unable to compete effectively. |
| • | Our ability to develop and market new and enhanced products on a timely basis. |
| • | Commencement of, or our involvement in, litigation. |
| • | Any major change in our board or management. |
| • | Changes in governmental regulations or in the status of our regulatory approvals. |
| • | Recommendations by securities analysts or changes in earnings estimates. |
| • | Announcements about our earnings that are not in line with analyst expectations, the likelihood of which is enhanced because it is our policy not to give guidance on earnings. |
| • | Announcements by our competitors of their earnings that are not in line with analyst expectations. |
| • | The volume of shares of Class A common stock available for trade. |
| • | Short sales, hedging and other derivative transactions on shares of our Class A common stock. |
| • | General economic and political conditions and slow or negative growth of related markets. |
In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price of our Class A common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. Fluctuations in the trading price of our Class A common stock may be even more pronounced since we only recently completed our initial public offering. In the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the trading price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.
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Future sales of shares by our stockholders could cause our stock price to decline.