UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
| x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2006
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 000-50726
Google Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 77-0493581 | |
|
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, CA 94043
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(650) 253-4000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
At October 31, 2006, the number of shares outstanding of Google’s Class A common stock was 223,387,165 shares and the number of shares outstanding of Google’s Class B common stock was 82,769,908 shares.
INDEX
| Page No. | ||||
| PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||||
|
Item 1 |
||||
|
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets—December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006 (unaudited) |
3 | |||
| 4 | ||||
| 5 | ||||
|
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
6 | |||
|
Item 2 |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
23 | ||
|
Item 3 |
38 | |||
|
Item 4 |
39 | |||
| PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | ||||
|
Item 1 |
40 | |||
|
Item 1A |
40 | |||
|
Item 2 |
55 | |||
|
Item 6 |
56 | |||
| 57 | ||||
2
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value)
|
As of December 31, 2005 |
As of September 30, 2006 |
||||||
| (unaudited) | |||||||
|
Assets |
|||||||
|
Current assets: |
|||||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 3,877,174 | $ | 3,038,341 | |||
|
Marketable securities |
4,157,073 | 7,390,374 | |||||
|
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $14,852 and $20,870 |
687,976 | 1,031,055 | |||||
|
Deferred income taxes, net |
49,341 | 51,532 | |||||
|
Prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets |
229,507 | 346,941 | |||||
|
Total current assets |
9,001,071 | 11,858,243 | |||||
|
Deferred income taxes, net, non-current |
— | 49,643 | |||||
|
Prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets, non-current |
16,941 | 67,890 | |||||
|
Non-marketable equity securities |
14,369 | 1,028,591 | |||||
|
Property and equipment, net |
961,749 | 2,174,314 | |||||
|
Intangible assets, net |
82,783 | 177,406 | |||||
|
Goodwill |
194,900 | 337,145 | |||||
|
Total assets |
$ | 10,271,813 | $ | 15,693,232 | |||
|
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |
|||||||
|
Current liabilities: |
|||||||
|
Accounts payable |
$ | 115,575 | $ | 207,348 | |||
|
Accrued compensation and benefits |
198,788 | 212,594 | |||||
|
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
114,377 | 212,123 | |||||
|
Accrued revenue share |
215,771 | 307,010 | |||||
|
Deferred revenue |
73,099 | 88,359 | |||||
|
Income taxes payable |
27,774 | 188,613 | |||||
|
Total current liabilities |
745,384 | 1,216,047 | |||||
|
Deferred revenue, long-term |
10,468 | 16,794 | |||||
|
Deferred income taxes, net |
35,419 | — | |||||
|
Other long-term liabilities |
61,585 | 63,304 | |||||
|
Commitments and contingencies |
|||||||
|
Stockholders’ equity: |
|||||||
|
Common stock, $0.001 par value: 9,000,000 shares authorized and 293,027 (201,266 Class A and 91,761 Class B) and 304,260 (220,441 Class A and 83,819 Class B) shares issued and outstanding, excluding 3,303 and 912 shares subject to repurchase at December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006 |
293 | 304 | |||||
|
Additional paid-in capital |
7,477,792 | 10,289,724 | |||||
|
Deferred stock-based compensation |
(119,015 | ) | — | ||||
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
4,019 | 4,462 | |||||
|
Retained earnings |
2,055,868 | 4,102,597 | |||||
|
Total stockholders’ equity |
9,418,957 | 14,397,087 | |||||
|
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
$ | 10,271,813 | $ | 15,693,232 | |||
See accompanying notes.
3
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
|
Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||||||
|
Revenues |
$ | 1,578,456 | $ | 2,689,673 | $ | 4,219,468 | $ | 7,399,419 | ||||
|
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||
|
Cost of revenues (including stock-based compensation expense of $1,328, $2,149, $3,925 and $6,754) (1) |
655,154 | 1,048,728 | 1,800,053 | 2,941,879 | ||||||||
|
Research and development (including stock-based compensation expense of $26,072, $61,714, $82,733 and $205,364) (1) |
177,793 | 312,632 | 409,639 | 841,783 | ||||||||
|
Sales and marketing (including stock-based compensation expense of $6,491, $14,673, $20,549 and $44,887) (1) |
111,487 | 206,972 | 305,521 | 594,312 | ||||||||
|
General and administrative (including stock-based compensation expense of $12,417, $21,324, $35,348 and $66,668) (1) |
104,851 | 190,010 | 256,616 | 532,043 | ||||||||
|
Total costs and expenses |
1,049,285 | 1,758,342 | 2,771,829 | 4,910,017 | ||||||||
|
Income from operations |
529,171 | 931,331 | 1,447,639 | 2,489,402 | ||||||||
|
Interest income and other, net |
20,797 | 108,180 | 54,205 | 336,904 | ||||||||
|
Income before income taxes |
549,968 | 1,039,511 | 1,501,844 | 2,826,306 | ||||||||
|
Provision for income taxes |
168,786 | 306,150 | 408,655 | 779,577 | ||||||||
|
Net income |
$ | 381,182 | $ | 733,361 | $ | 1,093,189 | $ | 2,046,729 | ||||
|
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||
|
Basic |
$ | 1.39 | $ | 2.42 | $ | 4.04 | $ | 6.83 | ||||
|
Diluted |
$ | 1.32 | $ | 2.36 | $ | 3.80 | $ | 6.64 | ||||
|
Number of shares used in per share calculations: |
||||||||||||
|
Basic |
275,130 | 303,400 | 270,655 | 299,569 | ||||||||
|
Diluted |
289,673 | 310,574 | 287,841 | 308,245 | ||||||||
| (1) | Stock-based compensation recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005, accounted for under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, has been reclassified to these expense lines to conform with the presentation in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006. As discussed in Note 1 of the accompanying notes, stock-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006, is presented in conformity with Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (as revised), Share-Based Payment. |
See accompanying notes.
4
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | |||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||
|
Operating activities |
||||||||
|
Net income |
$ | 1,093,189 | $ | 2,046,729 | ||||
|
Adjustments: |
||||||||
|
Depreciation of property and equipment |
171,107 | 335,629 | ||||||
|
Amortization of intangibles and warrants |
27,980 | 47,060 | ||||||
|
In-process research and development |
20,812 | 10,800 | ||||||
|
Stock-based compensation |
142,555 | 323,673 | ||||||
|
Excess tax benefits from stock-based award activity |
271,700 | (329,068 | ) | |||||
|
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions: |
||||||||
|
Accounts receivable |
(225,083 | ) | (343,356 | ) | ||||
|
Income taxes, net |
127,835 | 528,493 | ||||||
|
Prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets |
(24,645 | ) | (267,759 | ) | ||||
|
Accounts payable |
54,694 | 91,198 | ||||||
|
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
66,555 | 124,640 | ||||||
|
Accrued revenue share |
52,577 | 90,856 | ||||||
|
Deferred revenue |
21,712 | 10,819 | ||||||
|
Net cash provided by operating activities |
1,800,988 | 2,669,714 | ||||||
|
Investing activities |
||||||||
|
Purchases of property and equipment |
(592,386 | ) | (1,536,160 | ) | ||||
|
Purchases of marketable securities |
(4,992,995 | ) | (23,151,347 | ) | ||||
|
Maturities and sales of marketable securities |
4,627,212 | 19,888,930 | ||||||
|
Investments in non-marketable equity securities |
(10,000 | ) | (1,014,222 | ) | ||||
|
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and purchases of intangible and other assets |
(41,748 | ) | (257,812 | ) | ||||
|
Net cash used in investing activities |
(1,009,917 | ) | (6,070,611 | ) | ||||
|
Financing activities |
||||||||
|
Net proceeds from stock-based award activity |
33,546 | 155,551 | ||||||
|
Net proceeds from stock offerings |
4,287,621 | 2,063,751 | ||||||
|
Excess tax benefits from stock-based award activity |
— | 329,068 | ||||||
|
Payments of principal on capital leases and equipment loans |
(1,413 | ) | — | |||||
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
4,319,754 | 2,548,370 | ||||||
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
(19,129 | ) | 13,694 | |||||
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
5,091,696 | (838,833 | ) | |||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
426,873 | 3,877,174 | ||||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 5,518,569 | $ | 3,038,341 | ||||
|
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |
||||||||
|
Cash paid for interest |
$ | 94 | $ | 206 | ||||
|
Cash paid for income taxes |
$ | 5,588 | $ | 350,703 | ||||
|
Acquisition related activities: |
||||||||
|
Issuance of equity in connection with acquisitions, net of deferred stock-based compensation |
$ | 15,237 | $ | — | ||||
See accompanying notes.
5
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Google Inc. and Summary of Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations
We were incorporated in California in September 1998. We were re-incorporated in the State of Delaware in August 2003. We provide highly targeted advertising and global Internet search solutions as well as intranet solutions via an enterprise search appliance.
Basis of Consolidation
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Google and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Unaudited Interim Financial Information
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2006, the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, are unaudited. These unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In our opinion, the unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position as of September 30, 2006, our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, and our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2006.
These unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2006.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the accounts receivable and sales allowances, fair values of marketable and non-marketable securities, fair values of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, fair values of options to purchase our common stock, and income taxes, among others. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
Revenue Recognition
The following table presents our revenues (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||
|
Advertising revenues: |
||||||||||||
|
Google web sites |
$ | 884,679 | $ | 1,625,977 | $ | 2,278,848 | $ | 4,355,754 | ||||
|
Google Network web sites |
675,012 | 1,037,022 | 1,889,369 | 2,961,965 | ||||||||
|
Total advertising revenues |
1,559,691 | 2,662,999 | 4,168,217 | 7,317,719 | ||||||||
|
Licensing and other revenues |
18,765 | 26,674 | 51,251 | 81,700 | ||||||||
|
Revenues |
$ | 1,578,456 | $ | 2,689,673 | $ | 4,219,468 | $ | 7,399,419 | ||||
In the first quarter of 2000, we introduced our first advertising program through which we offered advertisers the ability to place text-based ads on Google web sites targeted to users’ search queries. Advertisers paid us based on the number of times their ads were displayed on users’ search results pages and we recognized revenue at the time these ads appeared. In
6
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
the fourth quarter of 2000, we launched Google AdWords, an online self-service program that enables advertisers to place text-based ads on Google web sites. AdWords is also available through our direct sales force. AdWords advertisers originally paid us based on the number of times their ads appeared on users’ search results pages. In the first quarter of 2002, we began offering AdWords exclusively on a cost-per-click basis, so that an advertiser pays us only when a user clicks on one of its ads. We recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time a user clicks on one of the text-based ads that are displayed next to the search results on Google web sites. From January 1, 2004, until the end of the first quarter of 2005, the AdWords cost-per-click pricing structure was the only structure available to our advertisers. However, during the second quarter of 2005, we launched an AdWords program that enables advertisers to pay us based on the number of times their ads appear on Google Network member sites specified by the advertiser. We recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time their ads are displayed on the Google Network member sites because the services have been provided, and the other criteria set forth under Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 13: Revenue Recognition have been met, namely, the fees we charge are fixed or determinable, we and our advertisers understand the specific nature and terms of the agreed-upon transactions and collectibility is reasonably assured.
In the third quarter of 2005, we launched the Google Publication Ads Program through which we distribute our advertisers’ ads for publication in magazines. We recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers when ads are published in magazines. Also in the first quarter of 2006, we acquired dMarc Broadcasting, Inc. (dMarc), a digital solutions provider for the radio broadcast industry. dMarc, now one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, distributes our advertisers’ ads for broadcast by radio stations. We recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time an ad is broadcasted or a listener responds to that ad. We consider the magazines and radio stations that participate in these programs to be members of our Google Network.
Google AdSense is the program through which we distribute our advertisers’ ads for display on the web sites of our Google Network members. In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 99-19, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal Versus Net as an Agent (“EITF 99-19”), we recognize as revenues the fees charged advertisers each time a user clicks on one of the text-based ads that are displayed next to the search results or on the content pages of our Google Network members’ web sites and, for those advertisers who use our cost-per impression pricing, the fees charged advertisers each time an ad is displayed on our members’ sites. Finally, we recognize as revenues the fees charged advertisers for ads published in the magazines or broadcasted by the radio stations of our Google Network members. These revenues are reported on a gross basis principally because we are the primary obligor to our advertisers.
We generate fees from search services on a per-query basis. Our policy is to recognize revenues from per-query search fees in the period we provide the search results.
In the first quarter of 2006, we launched Google Video through which we make video owned by others available for download and purchase by end users. We recognize as revenue the fees we receive from end users to the extent we are the primary obligor to them; however, to the extent we are not, we recognize as revenues the fees we receive from end users net of the amounts we pay to our video content providers in accordance with EITF 99-19.
In the second quarter of 2006, we launched Google Checkout, an online shopping payment processing system for both consumers and merchants. We recognize as revenues the fees charged merchants on transactions processed through Google Checkout. Further, cash ultimately paid to merchants under Google Checkout promotions, including discounts provided to consumers on transactions processed through Google Checkout, are accounted for as an offset to revenues in accordance with EITF Issue No. 01-9, Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer (Including a Reseller of the Vendor’s Products).
We also generate fees from the sale and license of our Search Appliance, which includes hardware, software and 12 to 24 months of post-contract support. We recognize revenue in accordance with Statement of Position 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, as amended. As the elements are not sold separately, sufficient vendor-specific objective evidence does not exist for the allocation of revenue. As a result, the entire fee is recognized ratably over the term of the post-contract support arrangement. Deferred revenue is recorded when payments are received in advance of our performance in the underlying agreement on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues consists primarily of traffic acquisition costs. Traffic acquisition costs consist of amounts ultimately paid to our Google Network members under AdSense arrangements and to certain other partners (our “distribution partners”)
7
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
who distribute our toolbar and other products (collectively referred to as “access points”) or otherwise direct search queries to our web site. These amounts are primarily based on the revenue share arrangements with our Google Network members and distribution partners. Certain distribution arrangements require us to pay our partners based on a fee per access point delivered and not exclusively - or at all - based on revenue share. We recognize fees under these arrangements over the estimated useful lives of the access points (two years) to the extent we can reasonably estimate those lives or based on any contractual revenue share, if greater. Otherwise, the fees are charged to expense as incurred.
In addition, certain AdSense agreements obligate us to make guaranteed minimum revenue share payments to Google Network members based on their achieving defined performance terms, such as number of search queries or advertisements displayed. We amortize guaranteed minimum revenue share prepayments (or accrete an amount payable to a Google Network member if the payment is due in arrears) based on the number of search queries or advertisements displayed on the Google Network member’s web site or the actual revenue share amounts, whichever is greater. In addition, concurrent with the commencement of a small number of AdSense and other agreements, we have purchased certain items from, or provided other consideration to, our Google Network members and partners. We have determined that certain of these amounts are prepaid traffic acquisition costs and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related agreements. Traffic acquisition costs were $529.9 million and $825.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, and $1,486.0 million and $2,333.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006.
Prepaid revenue share and distribution fees are included in prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In addition, cost of revenues includes the expenses associated with the operation of our data centers, including depreciation, labor, energy and bandwidth costs, as well as credit card and other transaction fees related to processing customer transactions including Google Checkout transactions.
Stock-based Compensation
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (“SFAS 123R”) that addresses the accounting for share-based payment transactions in which an enterprise receives employee services in exchange for equity instruments of the enterprise or liabilities that are based on the fair value of the enterprise’s equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of such equity instruments. SFAS 123R eliminates the ability to account for share-based compensation transactions using the intrinsic value method under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (“APB 25”), and generally requires instead that such transactions be accounted for using a fair-value-based method. We adopted SFAS 123R beginning January 1, 2006.
SFAS 123R requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. We have elected to use the Black-Scholes-Merton (“BSM”) option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based awards on the dates of grant, consistent with that used for pro forma disclosures under SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) are measured based on the fair market values of the underlying stock on the dates of grant. Shares are issued on the dates of vest net of the statutory withholding requirements to be paid by us on behalf of our employees. As a result, the actual number of shares issued will be less than the actual number of RSUs outstanding. Furthermore, in accordance with SFAS 123R, the liability for withholding amounts to be paid by us will be recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital when paid.
We have elected the modified prospective transition method as permitted by SFAS 123R, and accordingly, prior periods have not been restated to reflect the impact of SFAS 123R. Under this method, we are required to recognize stock-based compensation for all new and unvested stock-based awards that are ultimately expected to vest as the requisite service is rendered beginning January 1, 2006. Stock-based compensation is measured based on the fair values of all stock-based awards on the dates of grant.
We recognize stock-based compensation using the straight-line method for all stock awards issued after January 1, 2006. For stock awards issued prior to January 1, 2006, we continue to recognize stock-based compensation using the accelerated method, other than RSUs issued to new employees that vest based on the employee’s performance for which we use the straight-line method in accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 28, Accounting for Stock Appreciation Rights and Other Variable Stock Option or Award Plans.
SFAS 123R requires that the deferred stock-based compensation on our balance sheet on the date of adoption be netted against additional paid-in capital. At December 31, 2005, we had $119.0 million of deferred stock-based compensation which was netted against additional paid-in capital on January 1, 2006, as reflected in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2006.
8
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
Also, in accordance with SFAS 123R, beginning in the first quarter of 2006 we have presented the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation expense (“excess tax benefits from stock-based award activity”) as a cash flow from financing activities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, rather than as a cash flow from operating activities, as was prescribed under accounting rules applicable through December 31, 2005. This requirement reduces and increases the amounts we record as net cash provided by operating activities and net cash provided by financing activities, respectively. Total cash flow remains unchanged from what would have been reported under prior accounting rules. During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, the amount of cash received from exercise of stock options was $178.3 million and the total tax benefit realized, including the excess tax benefit, from stock based award activity was $393.5 million.
In March 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (“SAB No. 107”). In accordance with this Bulletin, beginning in the first quarter of 2006, we no longer presented stock-based compensation separately on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Instead we present stock-based compensation in the same lines as cash compensation paid to the same individuals. Stock-based compensation in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 has been reclassified to conform to the presentation in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006.
We account for stock awards issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R and EITF Issue No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services (“EITF 96-18”). Under SFAS 123R and EITF 96-18, we use the BSM method to measure the value of options granted to non-employees at each vesting date to determine the appropriate charge to stock-based compensation.
Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, we accounted for our employee stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed by APB 25. We applied below the disclosure provisions of SFAS 123, as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation – Transition and Disclosure, as if the fair value method had been applied. If this method had been used, our net income and net income per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 would have been adjusted to the pro forma amounts below (in thousands, except per share data):
|
Three Months Ended September 30, 2005 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005 |
|||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||
|
Net income, as reported |
$ | 381,182 | $ | 1,093,189 | ||||
|
Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net income, net of related tax effects |
24,585 | 84,416 | ||||||
|
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense under the fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects |
(58,165 | ) | (158,746 | ) | ||||
|
Net income, pro forma |
$ | 347,602 | $ | 1,018,859 | ||||
|
Net income per share: |
||||||||
|
As reported for prior period—basic |
$ | 1.39 | $ | 4.04 | ||||
|
Pro forma—basic |
$ | 1.26 | $ | 3.76 | ||||
|
As reported for prior period—diluted |
$ | 1.32 | $ | 3.80 | ||||
|
Pro forma—diluted |
$ | 1.20 | $ | 3.54 | ||||
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006, we recognized stock-based compensation and related tax benefits of $99.9 million ($20.9 million tax benefits) and $323.7 million ($74.2 million tax benefits), respectively.
As a result of adopting SFAS 123R, our income before income taxes and net income for the three months ended September 30, 2006, were $52.1 million and $41.2 million less than if we had continued to account for stock-based
9
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
compensation under APB 25; and our income before income taxes and net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, were $161.7 million and $127.8 million less than if we had continued to account for stock-based compensation under APB 25. Furthermore, basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2006 were $0.14 and $0.13 less than if we had continued to account for share-based compensation under APB 25; and basic and diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 were $0.43 and $0.41 less than if we had continued to account for share-based compensation under APB 25.
Net Income per Share
We compute net income per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share (“SFAS 128”). Under the provisions of SFAS 128, basic net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period except that it does not include unvested common shares subject to repurchase or cancellation. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, restricted shares, restricted stock units and unvested common shares subject to repurchase or cancellation. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, restricted shares and restricted stock units is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method.
10
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
|
Basic and diluted net income per share: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Numerator: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Net income |
$ | 381,182 | $ | 733,361 | $ | 1,093,189 | $ | 2,046,729 | ||||||||
|
Denominator: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding |
280,765 | 304,636 | 278,278 | 301,680 | ||||||||||||
|
Less: Weighted average unvested common shares subject to repurchase or cancellation |
(5,635 | ) | (1,236 | ) | (7,623 | ) | (2,111 | ) | ||||||||
|
Denominator for basic calculation |
275,130 | 303,400 | 270,655 | 299,569 | ||||||||||||
|
Weighted average effect of dilutive securities: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Add: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Unvested common shares subject to repurchase or cancellation |
5,635 | 1,236 | 7,623 | 2,111 | ||||||||||||
|
Employee stock options |
8,352 | 5,623 | 9,359 | 6,227 | ||||||||||||
|
Restricted shares and restricted stock units |
556 | 315 | 204 | 338 | ||||||||||||
|
Denominator for diluted calculation |
289,673 | 310,574 | 287,841 | 308,245 | ||||||||||||
|
Net income per share, basic |
$ | 1.39 | $ | 2.42 | $ | 4.04 | $ | 6.83 | ||||||||
|
Net income per share, diluted |
$ | 1.32 | $ | 2.36 | $ | 3.80 | $ | 6.64 | ||||||||
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally two to five years. Buildings are depreciated over periods up to 25 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets. Construction in process is primarily related to the construction or development of property and equipment. Depreciation for equipment commences once it is placed in service and depreciation for buildings and leasehold improvements commences once they are ready for their intended use.
Software Development Costs
We account for software development costs, including costs to develop software products or the software component of products to be marketed to external users, as well as software programs to be used solely to meet our internal needs in accordance with SFAS No. 86, Accounting for Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed and SOP 98-1, Accounting for Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use. We have determined that technological feasibility for our products to be marketed to external users was reached shortly before the release of those products. As a result, the development costs incurred after the establishment of technological feasibility and before the release of those products were not material, and accordingly, were expensed as incurred. In addition, costs incurred during the application development stage for software programs to be used solely to meet our internal needs were not material.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
We invest our excess cash in money market funds and in highly liquid debt instruments of U.S. municipalities, corporations and the U.S. government and its agencies. All highly liquid investments with stated maturities of three months or less from date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents; all highly liquid investments with stated maturities of greater than three months are classified as marketable securities.
11
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
We determine the appropriate classification of our investments in marketable debt and equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluate such designation at each balance sheet date. Our marketable debt and equity securities have been classified and accounted for as available for sale. We may or may not hold securities with stated maturities greater than 12 months until maturity. In response to changes in the availability of and the yield on alternative investments as well as liquidity requirements, we occasionally sell these securities prior to their stated maturities. As these debt and equity securities are viewed by us as available to support current operations, based on the provisions of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 43, Chapter 3A, Working Capital-Current Assets and Liabilities, equity securities, as well as debt securities with maturities beyond 12 months (such as our auction rate securities) are classified as current assets under the caption marketable securities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as a component of stockholders’ equity, except for unrealized losses determined to be other than temporary which are recorded as interest income and other, net, in accordance with our policy and FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) Nos. FAS 115-1 and FAS 124-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and its Application to Certain Investments. Any realized gains or losses on the sale of marketable securities are determined on a specific identification method, and such gains and losses are reflected as a component of interest income and other, net.
Non-Marketable Equity Securities
We have accounted for non-marketable equity security investments at historical cost because we do not have significant influence over the investees. These investments are subject to a periodic impairment review. To the extent any impairment is considered other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its fair value and the loss is recorded as interest income and other, net. We found no such impairment to our non-marketable equity securities during any of the periods presented.
Derivative Financial Instruments
We enter into forward foreign exchange contracts with financial institutions to reduce the risk that our cash flows and earnings will be adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. This program is not designed for trading or speculative purposes.
In accordance with SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, we recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. These forward exchange contracts are not accounted for as hedges and, therefore, changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded as interest income and other, net. Neither the cost nor the fair value of these forward foreign exchange contracts was material at September 30, 2006. The notional principal of forward foreign exchange contracts to purchase U.S. dollars with foreign currencies was $477.0 million and $636.2 million at December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, respectively. The notional principal of forward foreign exchange contracts to purchase euros with British pounds and Japanese yen was €145.4 million (or approximately $184.6 million) at September 30, 2006. There were no other forward foreign exchange contracts outstanding at December 31, 2005 or September 30, 2006.
Legal Costs
Legal costs are expensed as incurred.
12
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
Effect of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2006, the FASB issued Financial Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, (“FIN 48”) as an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (“SFAS 109”). This Interpretation clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS 109 and prescribes a recognition threshold of more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination. Measurement of the tax uncertainty occurs if the recognition threshold has been met. This Interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. FIN 48 will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2007. Differences between the amounts recognized in the statements of financial position prior to the adoption of FIN 48 and the amounts reported after adoption should be accounted for as a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded to the beginning balance of retained earnings. We are currently assessing whether adoption of this Interpretation will have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source of the information. This statement is effective for us beginning January 1, 2008. We are currently assessing whether adoption of SFAS No. 157 will have an impact on our financial statements.
Note 2. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities consists of the following (in thousands):
| As of December 31, 2005 |
As of September 30, 2006 |
|||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents: |
||||||
|
Cash |
$ | 1,588,515 | $ | 2,393,133 | ||
|
Cash equivalents: |
||||||
|
U.S. government notes and agencies |
2,281,858 | 445,468 | ||||
|
Time deposits |
— | 150,000 | ||||
|
Municipal securities |
— | 35,700 | ||||
|
Money market funds |
6,801 | 14,040 | ||||
|
Total cash and cash equivalents |
3,877,174 | 3,038,341 | ||||
|
Marketable securities: |
||||||
|
U.S. government notes and agencies |
2,906,698 | 5,367,534 | ||||
|
Municipal securities |
1,203,209 | 1,172,840 | ||||
|
Time deposits |
— | 850,000 | ||||
|
Equity security |
47,166 | — | ||||
|
Total marketable securities |
4,157,073 | 7,390,374 | ||||
|
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities |
$ | 8,034,247 | $ | 10,428,715 | ||
The following table summarizes unrealized gains and losses related to our investments in marketable securities designated as available-for-sale (in thousands):
| As of December 31, 2005 | |||||||||||||
| Adjusted Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value | ||||||||||
|
U.S. government notes and agencies |
$ | 2,911,410 | $ | 418 | $ | (5,130 | ) | $ | 2,906,698 | ||||
|
Municipal securities |
1,219,078 | 28 | (15,897 | ) | 1,203,209 | ||||||||
|
Equity security |
5,000 | 42,166 | — | 47,166 | |||||||||
|
Total marketable securities |
$ | 4,135,488 | $ | 42,612 | $ | (21,027 | ) | $ | 4,157,073 | ||||
13
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
| As of September 30, 2006 | |||||||||||||
| Adjusted Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value | ||||||||||
| (unaudited) | |||||||||||||
|
U.S. government notes and agencies |
$ | 5,371,729 | $ | 8,816 | $ | (13,011 | ) | $ | 5,367,534 | ||||
|
Municipal securities |
1,176,240 | 889 | (4,289 | ) | 1,172,840 | ||||||||
|
Time deposits |
850,000 | — | — | 850,000 | |||||||||
|
Total marketable securities |
$ | 7,397,969 | $ | 9,705 | $ | (17,300 | ) | $ | 7,390,374 | ||||
Gross unrealized gains and losses on cash equivalents were not material at December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006. We found no other-than-temporary impairments to our marketable securities in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and September 30, 2006. We recognized a net realized loss of $4.8 million and a net realized gain of $41.9 million on the sale of marketable securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006. We recognized a net realized loss of $3.9 million and $4.6 million on the sale of marketable securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of our investments in marketable securities designated as available-for-sale classified by the contractual maturity date of the security (in thousands):
| As of December 31, 2005 |
As of September 30, 2006 |
|||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||
|
Due within 1 year |
$ | 970,073 | $ | 3,644,161 | ||
|
Due after 1 year through 5 years |
2,967,148 | 3,148,676 | ||||
|
Due after 5 years through 10 years |
59,122 | 26,200 | ||||
|
Due after 10 years |
160,730 | 571,337 | ||||
|
Total marketable securities |
$ | 4,157,073 | $ | 7,390,374 | ||
In accordance with EITF 03-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments, the following table shows gross unrealized losses and fair value for those investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands):
| As of December 31, 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 12 Months | 12 Months or Greater | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Unrealized Loss |
Fair Value | Unrealized Loss |
Fair Value | Unrealized Loss |
||||||||||||||||
|
U.S. government notes and agencies |
$ | 2,099,408 | $ | (5,130 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,099,408 | $ | (5,130 | ) | |||||||
|
Municipal securities |
607,990 | (7,705 | ) | 513,425 | (8,192 | ) | 1,121,415 | (15,897 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Total |
$ | 2,707,398 | $ | (12,835 | ) | $ | 513,425 | $ | (8,192 | ) | $ | 3,220,823 | $ | (21,027 | ) | ||||||
| As of September 30, 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 12 Months | 12 Months or Greater | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Unrealized Loss |
Fair Value | Unrealized Loss |
Fair Value | Unrealized Loss |
||||||||||||||||
| (unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
U.S. government notes and agencies |
$ | 2,903,759 | $ | (8,774 | ) | $ | 690,571 | $ | (4,237 | ) | $ | 3,594,330 | $ | (13,011 | ) | ||||||
|
Municipal securities |
74,391 | (244 | ) | 278,920 | (4,045 | ) | 353,311 | (4,289 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Total |
$ | 2,978,150 | $ | (9,018 | ) | $ | 969,491 | $ | (8,282 | ) | $ | 3,947,641 | $ | (17,300 | ) | ||||||
14
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 3. Investment in America Online, Inc. (AOL)
In April 2006, we completed our $1.0 billion cash purchase of a five percent equity interest in a wholly-owned subsidiary of Time Warner, Inc. that owns all of the outstanding interests of AOL. Our investment in this non-marketable equity security is accounted for at historical cost (see Note 1). In March 2006, we entered into certain commercial arrangements with AOL. We believe that the terms of the investment and commercial agreements are at fair value, and as a result, they are accounted for in accordance with their contractual terms. Further we are obligated over a five year term to make up to $100 million of co-marketing payments (but not to exceed $20 million per year plus any amounts not spent in prior years) and issue up to $300 million of AdWords credits (but not to exceed $60 million per year plus any credits not redeemed in prior years). Co-marketing costs are expensed as incurred and AdWords credits are accounted for as a reduction to revenues in the periods they are redeemed.
Note 4. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):
| As of December 31, 2005 |
As of September 30, 2006 |
|||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||
|
Information technology assets |
$ | 949,758 | $ | 1,547,205 | ||
|
Construction in process |
211,088 | 808,579 | ||||
|
Land and buildings |
124,752 | 372,721 | ||||
|
Leasehold improvements |
115,108 | 197,559 | ||||
|
Furniture and fixtures |
16,719 | 31,516 | ||||
|
Total |
1,417,425 | 2,957,580 | ||||
|
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization |
455,676 | 783,266 | ||||
|
Property and equipment, net |
$ | 961,749 | $ | 2,174,314 | ||
Note 5. Acquisitions
In February 2006, we acquired all of the voting interests of dMarc Broadcasting, Inc. (dMarc), a digital solutions provider for the radio broadcast industry. This transaction was accounted for as a business combination. The purchase price was $97.6 million, and was paid in cash as of September 30, 2006. In addition, we are contingently obligated to make additional cash payments of up to $1.136 billion if certain product integration, net revenue and advertising inventory targets are met through December 2008. Since these contingent payments are based on the achievement of performance targets, actual payments may be substantially lower. In accordance with EITF 95-8, Accounting for Contingent Consideration Paid to the Shareholders of an Acquired Enterprise in a Purchase Business Combination, substantially all of these contingent payments will be accounted for as goodwill, and the remaining amounts will be expensed, when and if earned. No contingent payments were earned through September 30, 2006.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we also acquired all of the voting interests of six other companies. Two of these transactions were accounted for as business combinations. Because the remaining four transactions were with companies considered to be development stage enterprises, they were accounted for as asset purchases in accordance with EITF Issue No. 98-3, Determining Whether a Nonmonetary Transaction Involves Receipt of Productive Assets or of a Business. The total purchase price of these business combinations and asset purchases was $112.5 million paid in cash. In addition, with respect to these acquisitions, we are obligated to make additional cash payments of up to $17.9 million if certain performance targets are met through March 2010. Since these contingent payments are based on the achievement of performance targets, actual payments may be substantially lower. Substantially all of these contingent payments will be accounted for as goodwill, and the remaining amounts will be expensed, when and if earned.
In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we acquired certain other intangible assets for $51.7 million paid, or to be paid, in cash.
The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price for all of the above acquisitions (in thousands):
|
Goodwill |
$ | 142,245 | ||
|
Patents and developed technology |
88,162 | |||
|
Customer contracts and other |
53,989 | |||
|
Net liabilities assumed |
(6,185 | ) | ||
|
Deferred tax liabilities |
(27,262 | ) | ||
|
Purchased in-process research and development |
10,800 | |||
|
Total |
$ | 261,749 | ||
15
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The developed technology, customer contracts and other intangible assets have a weighted-average useful life of 3.3 years from the date of acquisition. The amortization of these intangibles is not deductible for tax purposes.
Purchased in-process research and development of $10.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was expensed upon acquisition because technological feasibility had not been established and no future alternative uses existed. This amount is included in research and development expenses on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and is not deductible for tax purposes.
See Note 11 for a discussion of our planned acquisition of YouTube.
Note 6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, are as follows (in thousands):
|
Balance as of December 31, 2005 |
$ | 194,900 | |
|
Goodwill acquired |
142,245 | ||
|
Balance as of September 30, 2006 |
$ | 337,145 | |
16
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
Information regarding our acquisition-related intangible assets that are being amortized is as follows (in thousands):
| As of December 31, 2005 | |||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net Carrying Value |
|||||||
|
Patents and developed technology |
$ | 120,413 | $ | 46,272 | $ | 74,141 | |||
|
Customer contracts and other |
26,145 | 17,503 | 8,642 | ||||||
|
Total |
$ | 146,558 | $ | 63,775 | $ | 82,783 | |||
|
As of September 30, 2006 (unaudited) |
|||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net Carrying Value |
|||||||
|
Patents and developed technology |
$ | 202,953 | $ | 79,973 | $ | 122,980 | |||
|
Customer contracts and other |
85,755 | 31,329 | 54,426 | ||||||
|
Total |
$ | 288,708 | $ | 111,302 | $ | 177,406 | |||
Patents and developed technology and customer contracts and other have weighted-average useful lives from the date of purchase of 3.3 and 3.4 years.
Amortization expense of acquisition-related intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 were $15.8 million and $47.1 million, respectively.
Amortization expense for acquisition-related intangible assets on our September 30, 2006 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet for each of the next five years is as follows (in thousands):
|
2006 |
$ | 18,939 | |
|
2007 |
71,656 | ||
|
2008 |
53,447 | ||
|
2009 |
21,758 | ||
|
2010 |
9,212 | ||
|
Thereafter |
2,394 | ||
| $ | 177,406 | ||
Note 7. Interest Income and Other, Net
The components of interest income and other, net were as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
|
Interest income |
$ | 25,351 | $ | 108,230 | $ | 52,735 | $ | 290,341 | ||||||||
|
Interest expense |
(388 | ) | (21 | ) | (537 | ) | (206 | ) | ||||||||
|
Other |
(4,166 | ) | (29 | ) | 2,007 | 46,769 | ||||||||||
|
Interest income and other, net |
$ | 20,797 | $ | 108,180 | $ | 54,205 | $ | 336,904 | ||||||||
Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
We are obligated under certain agreements to make non-cancelable guaranteed minimum revenue share payments to Google Network members based on their achieving defined performance terms, such as number of search queries or
17
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
advertisements displayed. At September 30, 2006, our aggregate outstanding non-cancelable guaranteed minimum revenue share commitments totaled $1.05 billion through 2010 compared to $234.3 million at December 31, 2005. These amounts include our obligations under our August 2006 agreement with News Corporation’s Fox Interactive Media to make non-cancelable guaranteed minimum revenue share payments of $900 million based on Fox Interactive Media achieving certain traffic and other commitments. These amounts do not include payments related to toolbar and other product distribution arrangements as these arrangements do not include guaranteed minimum commitments.
Legal Matters
Certain companies have filed trademark infringement and related claims against us over the display of ads in response to user queries that include trademark terms. The outcomes of these lawsuits have differed from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Courts in France have held us liable for allowing advertisers to select certain trademarked terms as keywords. We are appealing those decisions. We were also subject to two lawsuits in Germany on similar matters where the courts held that we are not liable for the actions of our advertisers prior to notification of trademark rights. We are litigating or recently have litigated similar issues in other cases in the U.S., France, Germany, Italy, Israel and Austria. Adverse results in these lawsuits may result in, or even compel, a change in this practice which could result in a loss of revenue for us, which could harm our business.
Certain entities have also filed copyright claims against us, alleging that features of certain of our products, including Google Web Search, Google News, Google Video, Google Image Search, and Google Book Search, infringe their rights. In addition, our planned acquisition of YouTube may also subject us to additional copyright claims upon the closing of the transaction. Adverse results in these lawsuits may include awards of damages and may also result in, or even compel, a change in our business practices, which could result in a loss of revenue for us or otherwise harm our business.
From time to time, we may also become a party to other litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business, including intellectual property claims (in addition to the trademark and copyright matters noted above), labor and employment claims, breach of contract claims, tax and other matters.
Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of the matters discussed above will not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow.
Income Taxes
We have reserved for potential adjustments to our provision for income taxes that may result from examinations by, or any negotiated agreements with, the Internal Revenue Service or other tax authorities, and we believe that the final outcome of these examinations or agreements will not have a material affect on our results of operations. If events occur which indicate payment of these amounts is unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in the recognition of tax benefits in the period we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If our estimates of the federal, state, and foreign income tax liabilities are less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result.
Note 9. Stockholders’ Equity
In April 2006, we issued 5,300,000 shares of our Class A common stock upon the closing of a follow-on public stock offering for net proceeds of approximately $2.064 billion.
Stock Plans
We maintain the 1998 Stock Plan, the 2000 Stock Plan, the 2003 Stock Plan, the 2003 Stock Plan (No. 2), the 2003 Stock Plan (No. 3), the 2004 Stock Plan and plans assumed through acquisitions, all of which are collectively referred to as the “Stock Plans.” Under our Stock Plans, incentive and nonqualified stock options or rights to purchase common stock may be granted to eligible participants. Options must generally be priced to be at least 85% of our common stock’s fair market value at the date of grant (100% in the case of incentive stock options). Options are generally granted for a term of ten years. Options granted under the Stock Plans generally vest 25% after the first year of service and ratably each month over the remaining 36 month period contingent upon employment with us on the date of vest. Options granted under Stock Plans other than the 2004 Stock Plan may be exercised prior to vesting. We have also issued RSUs and restricted shares under our Stock Plans. An RSU award is an agreement to issue shares of our stock at the time of vest. RSUs issued to new employees vest over four years with a yearly cliff contingent upon employment with us on the dates of vest. These RSUs vest from zero to
18
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
37.5 percent of the grant amount at the end of each of the four years from date of hire based on the employee’s performance. RSUs under the Founders’ Award programs are issued to individuals on teams that have made extraordinary contributions to Google. These awards vest quarterly over four years contingent upon employment with us on the dates of vest.
We estimated the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the BSM valuation model. Our assumptions about stock-price volatility have been based exclusively on the implied volatilities of publicly traded options to buy our stock with contractual terms closest to the expected life of options granted to our employees applying the guidance provided by SAB 107. In addition, our assumptions about the expected term have been based on that of companies that have option vesting and contractual terms, expected stock volatility and employee demographics and physical locations that are similar to ours. We have used this comparable data because we have limited relevant historical information to support the expected exercise behavior of our employees who have been granted options recently. This relevant historical information is limited because our stock has been publicly traded only since August 2004, and the fair market value of our stock has increased substantially during this time. Accordingly, the exercise behavior of employees who have been granted options recently may be different than that of employees who have exercised their significantly in-the-money options after the initial public offering. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience.
19
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the stock options granted in the periods presented:
|
Three Months Ended 2005 |
Three Months Ended 2006 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 |
|||||||||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
|
Risk-free interest rate |
4.0 | % | 4.9 | % | 3.8 | % | 4.8 | % | ||||||||
|
Expected volatility |
35 | % | 34 | % | 37 | % | 37 | % | ||||||||
|
Expected life (in years) |
3.2 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.4 | ||||||||||||
|
Dividend yield |
— | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
|
Weighted-average estimated fair value of options granted during the period |
$ | 86.70 | $ | 132.10 | $ | 75.31 | $ | 129.70 | ||||||||
The following table summarizes the activity for outstanding stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2006:
| Options Outstanding | |||||||||||
| Number of Shares |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price |
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |
Aggregate
(in |
||||||||
| (unaudited) | |||||||||||
|
Balance at December 31, 2005 |
18,589,646 | $ | 113.51 | ||||||||
|
Granted |
903,325 | $ | 393.63 | ||||||||
|
Exercised |
(5,836,353 | ) | $ | 51.77 | |||||||
|
Canceled/forfeited/expired |
(338,089 | ) | $ | 77.82 | |||||||
|
Balance at September 30, 2006 |
13,318,529 | $ | 152.02 | 7.9 | $ | 3,110.7 | |||||
|
Vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2006 |
3,545,861 | $ | 90.24 | 7.2 | $ | 1,105.1 | |||||
|
Vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 2006 |
12,784,941 | $ | 152.02 | 7.9 | $ | 2,931.3 | |||||
| (1) | The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the closing stock price of $401.90 of our common stock on September 30, 2006. |
Options outstanding at September 30, 2006 includes 911,602 options granted and exercised subsequent to March 21, 2002 that are unvested at September 30, 2006, in accordance with EITF Issue No. 00-23, Issues Related to Accounting for Stock Compensation Under APB Opinion No. 25 and FASB Interpretation No. 44 (“EITF 00-23”). However, the computations of the weighted-average exercise prices, weighted average remaining contractual term and aggregate intrinsic value for all stock options outstanding and those exercisable do not consider these unvested shares. The aggregate intrinsic value of all options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $301.2 million and $1,163.3 million. The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $114.5 million and $281.2 million.
As of September 30, 2006, there was $297.7 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding stock options, net of forecasted forfeitures. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.0 years. To the extent forfeiture rate is different than we have anticipated, stock-based compensation related to these awards will be different from our expectations.
20
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the activity for our unvested restricted stock units for the nine months ended September 30, 2006:
| Unvested Restricted Stock Units | ||||||
| Number of Shares |
Weighted-Average Grant- Date Fair Value |
|||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||
|
Unvested at December 31, 2005 |
920,057 | $ | 324.38 | |||
|
Granted |
577,795 | $ | 386.56 | |||
|
Vested |
(176,951 | ) | $ | 270.18 | ||
|
Forfeited |
(26,055 | ) | $ | 345.85 | ||
|
Unvested at September 30, 2006 |
1,294,846 | $ | 335.13 | |||
|
Expected to vest at September 30, 2006 |
1,224,147 | $ | 335.13 | |||
As of September 30, 2006, there was $341.0 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units, net of forecasted forfeitures. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.3 years. To the extent the actual forfeiture rate is different than we have anticipated, stock-based compensation related to these awards will be different from our expectations.
The following table summarizes additional information regarding outstanding and exercisable stock options at September 30, 2006:
| Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | |||||||||||||||
|
Range of Exercise Prices |
Total Number of Shares |
Unvested 2002 |
Number of Shares |
Weighted- Average Remaining Life (Years) |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Number of Shares |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
|||||||||
|
$ 0.08–$ 85.00 |
6,710,134 | 911,602 | 5,798,532 | 6.8 | $ | 16.33 | 5,655,985 | $ | 15.99 | |||||||
|
$117.84–$198.41 |
2,198,043 | — | 2,198,043 | 8.2 | $ | 176.08 | 485,176 | $ | 175.36 | |||||||
|
$205.96–$298.91 |
1,696,251 | — | 1,696,251 | 8.7 | $ | 273.58 | 399,049 | 273.46 | ||||||||
|
$300.97-$399.00 |
2,166,283 | — | 2,166,283 | 9.1 | $ | 327.91 | 333,642 | $ | 307.32 | |||||||
|
$401.78–$471.63 |
547,818 | — | 547,818 | 9.5 | $ | 420.42 | — | — | ||||||||
|
$ 0.08–$471.63 |
13,318,529 | 911,602 | 12,406,927 | 7.9 | $ | 152.02 | 6,873,852 | $ | 56.33 | |||||||
The number of options outstanding at September 30, 2006 includes 911,602 of options granted and exercised subsequent to March 21, 2002 that are unvested at September 30, 2006, in accordance with EITF 00-23. However, the computations of the weighted-average exercise prices and the weighted average remaining life in the table above do not consider these unvested shares. Also, the number of options exercisable at September 30, 2006 includes certain unvested options that can be early exercised.
Note 10. Information about Geographic Areas
Our chief operating decision-makers (i.e., our chief executive officer, his direct reports and our presidents) review financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues by geographic region for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. There are no segment managers who are held accountable by our chief operating decision-makers, or anyone else, for operations, operating results and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, we consider ourselves to be in a single reporting segment and operating unit structure.
21
GOOGLE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
Revenues by geography are based on the billing addresses of the advertisers. No single foreign country, other than the United Kingdom, accounted for more than ten percent of total revenues in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 or 2006. The following table sets forth revenues and long-lived assets by geographic area (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||||||
|
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
|
United States |
$ | 957,086 | $ | 1,506,805 | $ | 2,572,156 | $ | 4,245,352 | ||||
|
United Kingdom |
233,207 | 422,494 | 618,586 | 1,135,314 | ||||||||
|
Rest of the world |
388,163 | 760,374 | 1,028,726 | 2,018,753 | ||||||||
|
Total revenues |
$ | 1,578,456 | $ | 2,689,673 | $ | 4,219,468 | $ | 7,399,419 | ||||
| As of December 31, 2005 |
As of September 30, 2006 |
|||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||
|
Long-lived assets: |
||||||
|
United States |
$ | 1,080,236 | $ | 3,480,374 | ||
|
International |
190,506 | 354,615 | ||||
|
Total long-lived assets |
$ | 1,270,742 | $ | 3,834,989 | ||
Note 11. Subsequent Event
We entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with YouTube, Inc. (YouTube) in October 2006 which we amended in November 2006. Under the terms of this agreement, as amended, we will acquire all of the outstanding equity interests of YouTube, a privately held company, for aggregate consideration of $1.65 billion. The consideration will be payable in shares of our common stock, which will be reduced to the extent we lend certain amounts of cash to YouTube prior to the closing of the acquisition. The number of shares of common stock to be issued will be based on the thirty day average closing price ending two trading days prior to the completion of the merger. We expect the transaction to close in the fourth quarter of 2006.
Michael Moritz, a member of our board of directors, is a general partner of Sequoia Capital, whose affiliates are stockholders of YouTube. Mr. Moritz recused himself from board decisions regarding this planned acquisition.
22
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
In addition to historical information, this report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements include, among other things, statements concerning our expectations:
| • | regarding the growth of our operations, business and revenues and the growth rate of our costs and expenses. |
| • | that seasonal fluctuations in Internet usage and traditional advertising seasonality are likely to affect our business. |
| • | that growth in advertising revenues from our web sites will continue to exceed that from our Google Network members’ web sites, while the rate of growth between our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites may vary over time. |
| • | that our operating margin may decrease as we invest in our infrastructure. |
| • | that we will continue to employ a significant number of temporary employees. |
| • | regarding our future stock-based compensation charges. |
| • | that we will continue to pay most of the Google AdSense fees we receive from advertisers to our Google Network members. |
| • | that our cost of revenues will increase in 2006 primarily as a result of anticipated increases in traffic acquisition and data center costs, although traffic acquisition costs may fluctuate as a percentage of advertising revenues. |
| • | that research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses will increase in the future. |
| • | regarding our expansion and investments in international markets. |
| • | that the annual rate of growth in 2006 of our spending on property and equipment will be substantially greater than the annual rate of growth of our revenues. |
| • | regarding our income tax rates, tax liabilities and the expected higher proportion of our earnings we expect our Irish subsidiary to recognize. |
| • | regarding the sufficiency of our existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and cash generated from operations. |
| • | that our cash-based compensation per employee will likely increase. |
| • | regarding our expected further contributions to, and investments in, philanthropic endeavors. |
| • | regarding our planned acquisition of YouTube. |
as well as other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition and prospects and business strategies. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this report, and in particular, the risks discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this report and those discussed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 16, 2006, and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report.
Overview
Google is a global technology leader focused on improving the ways people connect with information. Our innovations in web search and advertising have made our web site a top Internet destination and our brand one of the most recognized in the world. Our mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful. We serve three primary constituencies:
| • | Users. We provide users with products and services that enable people to more quickly and easily find, create and organize information that is useful to them. |
23
| • | Advertisers. We provide advertisers with several ways to deliver relevant targeted advertising including our Google AdWords program, an auction-based advertising program that enables advertisers to deliver relevant ads targeted to search results or web content, our Google Publication Ads Program, which allows our advertisers to deliver targeted ads for publication in magazines and our dMarc radio advertising program, which distributes our advertisers’ ads for broadcast by radio stations. Our advertising programs provide advertisers with a cost-effective way to deliver ads to customers across Google sites and through the Google Network, which is the network of on-line and off-line third parties that use our advertising programs to deliver relevant ads on their web sites, print pages or radio broadcasts. |
| • | Web sites. We provide the online members of our Google Network with our Google AdSense program, which is the program through which we distribute our advertisers’ AdWords ads for display on the web sites of our Google Network members. We share most of the fees these ads generate with our Google Network members—creating an important revenue stream for them. |
Recent Developments
We entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with YouTube, Inc. (YouTube) in October 2006 which we amended in November 2006. Under the terms of this agreement, as amended, we will acquire all of the outstanding equity interests of YouTube, a privately held company, for aggregate consideration of $1.65 billion. The consideration will be payable in shares of our common stock, which will be reduced to the extent we lend certain amounts of cash to YouTube prior to the closing of the acquisition. The number of shares of common stock to be issued will be based on the thirty day average closing price ending two trading days prior to the completion of the merger. We expect the transaction to close in the fourth quarter of 2006.
How We Generate Revenue
We derive most of our revenues from fees we receive from our advertisers through our AdWords and AdSense programs.
Our original business model consisted of licensing our search engine services to other web sites. In the first quarter of 2000, we introduced our first advertising program. Through our direct sales force we offered advertisers the ability to place text-based ads on our web sites targeted to our users’ search queries under a program called Premium Sponsorships. Advertisers paid us based on the number of times their ads were displayed on users’ search results pages, and we recognized revenue at the time these ads appeared. In the fourth quarter of 2000, we launched Google AdWords, an online self-service program that enables advertisers to place targeted text-based ads on our web sites. AdWords customers originally paid us based on the number of times their ads appeared on users’ search results pages. In the first quarter of 2002, we began offering AdWords exclusively on a cost-per-click basis, which means that an advertiser pays us only when a user clicks on one of its ads. AdWords is also available through our direct sales force.
Effective beginning the first quarter of 2004 until the end of the first quarter of 2005, the AdWords cost-per-click pricing structure was the only pricing structure available to our advertisers. However, during the second quarter of 2005, we launched an AdWords cost-per-impression program that enables advertisers to pay us based on the number of times their ads appear on Google Network members’ sites specified by the advertiser. For advertisers using our AdWords cost-per-click pricing, we recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time a user clicks on one of the text-based ads that appears next to the search results on our web sites, or next to the search results or content on Google Network members’ sites. For advertisers using our AdWords cost-per-impression pricing, we recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time their ads are displayed on the Google Network members’ sites. Our AdWords agreements are generally terminable at any time by our advertisers.
Google AdSense is the program through which we distribute our advertisers’ AdWords ads for display on the web sites of our Google Network members. Our AdSense program includes AdSense for search and AdSense for content. AdSense for search, launched in the first quarter of 2002, is our service for distributing relevant ads from our advertisers for display with search results on our Google Network members’ sites. To use AdSense for search, most of our AdSense for search partners add Google search functionality to their web pages in the form of customizable Google search boxes. When visitors of these web sites search either the web site or the Internet using these customizable search boxes, we display relevant ads on the search results pages, targeted to match user search queries. Ads shown through AdSense for search are generally text ads.
AdSense for content, launched in the first quarter of 2003, is our service for distributing ads from our advertisers that are relevant to content on our Google Network members’ sites. Under this program, we use automated technology to analyze the meaning of the content on the web site and serve relevant ads based on the meaning of such content. For example, a web page on an automotive blog that contains an entry about vintage cars might display ads for vintage car parts or vintage car
24
shows. These ads are displayed in spaces that our AdSense for content partners have set aside on their web sites for our AdWords content. AdSense for content allows a variety of ad types to be shown, including text ads, image ads, video ads, link units (which are sets of clickable links to topic pages related to page content) and themed units (which are regular text ad units with graphic treatments that change seasonally and by geography).
For our AdSense program, our advertisers pay us a fee each time a user clicks on one of our advertisers’ ads displayed on Google Network members’ web sites or, for those advertisers who choose our cost-per-impression pricing, as their ads are displayed. To date, we have paid most of these advertiser fees to the members of the Google Network, and we expect to continue doing so for the foreseeable future. We recognize these advertiser fees as revenue and the portion of the advertiser fee we pay to our Google Network members as traffic acquisition costs under cost of revenues. In some cases, we guarantee our Google Network members minimum revenue share payments. Members of the Google Network do not pay any fees associated with the use of our AdSense program on their web sites.
Our agreements with Google Network members consist largely of uniform online “click-wrap” agreements that members enter into by interacting with our registration web sites. The standard agreements have no stated term and are terminable at will. Agreements with our larger members are individually negotiated. The negotiated agreements vary in duration. Both the standard agreements and the negotiated agreements contain provisions requiring us to share with the Google Network member most of the advertiser fees generated by users clicking on ads on the Google Network member’s web site or, for advertisers who choose our cost-per-impression pricing, as the ads are displayed on the Google Network member’s web site. The standard agreements have uniform revenue share terms. The non-standard agreements vary as to revenue share terms and are heavily negotiated.
In the third quarter of 2005, we launched the Google Publication Ads Program through which we distribute our advertisers’ ads for publication in magazines. We recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers when their ads are published in magazines. Also, in the first quarter of 2006, we acquired dMarc Broadcasting, Inc. (dMarc), a digital solutions provider for the radio broadcast industry. dMarc, now one of our wholly owned subsidiaries, distributes our advertisers’ ads for broadcast by radio stations. We recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time an ad is broadcasted or a listener responds to that ad. We consider the magazines and radio stations that participate in these programs to be members of our Google Network.
We believe the factors that influence the success of our advertising programs include the following:
| • | The relevance, objectivity and quality of our search results. |
| • | The number and type of searches initiated at our web sites. |
| • | The number and type of searches initiated at, as well as the number of visits to and the content of, our Google Network members’ web sites. |
| • | The advertisers’ return on investment (ad cost per sale or cost per conversion) from advertising campaigns on our web sites or our Google Network members’ web sites or other media compared to other forms of advertising. |
| • | The number of advertisers and the breadth of items advertised. |
| • | The total and per click or per impression advertising spending budgets of each advertiser. |
| • | The monetization of (or generation of revenue from) traffic on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites. |
We believe that the monetization of traffic on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites is affected by the following factors:
| • | The relevance and quality of ads displayed with each search results page on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites, as well as with each content page on our Google Network members’ web sites. |
| • | The number and prominence of ads displayed with each search results page on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites, as well as with each content page on our Google Network members’ web sites. |
| • | The rate at which our users and users of our Google Network members’ web sites click on advertisements. |
| • | Our minimum fee per click. |
Advertising revenues made up 99% of our revenues in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006. We derive the balance of our revenues from the license of our web search technology, the license of our search solutions to enterprises and the sale and license of other products and services.
25
In the first quarter of 2006 we launched Google Video through which we make video content owned by others available for download and purchase by end users. We recognize as revenue the fees we receive from end users to the extent we are the primary obligor to them. However, to the extent we are not the primary obligor, we recognize as revenues the fees we receive from the end users net of the amounts we pay to our video content providers. Also in the second quarter of 2006, we launched Google Checkout, an online shopping payment processing system for both consumers and merchants. We recognize as revenue the fees charged merchants on transactions processed through Google Checkout. Further, cash paid to merchants under Google Checkout promotions, including discounts provided to consumers on transactions processed through Google Checkout, are accounted for as an offset to revenues in accordance with EITF Issue No. 01-9, Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer (Including a Reseller of the Vendor’s Products).
Trends in Our Business
Our business has grown rapidly since inception, resulting in substantially increased revenues, and we expect that our business will continue to grow. However, our revenue growth rate has generally declined over time, and we expect it will continue to do so as a result of increasing competition and the difficulty of maintaining growth rates as our revenues increase to higher levels. In addition, the main focus of our advertising programs is to provide relevant and useful advertising to our users, reflecting our commitment to constantly improve their overall web experience. As a result, we may take steps to improve the relevance of the ads displayed on our web sites, such as removing ads that generate low click-through rates or that send users to irrelevant or otherwise low quality sites, which could negatively affect our near-term advertising revenues.
Both seasonal fluctuations in Internet usage and traditional retail seasonality have affected, and are likely to continue to affect, our business. Internet usage generally slows during the summer months, and commercial queries typically increase significantly in the fourth quarter of each year. These seasonal trends have caused and will likely continue to cause, fluctuations in our quarterly results, including fluctuations in sequential revenue growth rates.
From the inception of the Google Network in 2002 through the first quarter of 2004, the growth in advertising revenues from our Google Network members’ web sites exceeded that from our web sites, which had a negative impact on our operating margins. The operating margin we realize on revenues generated from ads placed on our Google Network members’ web sites through our AdSense program is significantly lower than the operating margin we realize from revenues generated from ads placed on our web sites because most of the advertiser fees from ads served on Google Network member web sites are shared with our Google Network members. However, beginning in the second quarter of 2004, growth in advertising revenues from our web sites has exceeded that from our Google Network members’ web sites. This trend has had a positive impact on our operating margins, and we expect that this will continue for the foreseeable future, although the relative rate of growth in revenues from our web sites compared to the rate of growth in revenues from our Google Network members’ web sites may vary over time.
Our operating margin may decrease as we invest in building the necessary employee and systems infrastructures required to manage our anticipated growth. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience substantial growth in our operations as we invest significantly in our research and development programs, expand our user, advertiser and Google Network member bases and increase our presence in international markets, as well as promote the distribution of our Google toolbar and other products in order to make our services easier to access. This growth has required us to continually hire new personnel and make substantial investments in property and equipment. Our full-time employee headcount has significantly increased over the last 12 months, growing from 4,989 at September 30, 2005 to 9,378 at September 30, 2006. Also, we have employed a significant number of temporary employees in the past and expect to continue to do so in the foreseeable future. Our capital expenditures have grown from $592.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2005 to $1,536.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2006. We expect the annual growth rate of our investments in property and equipment for 2006, including information and technology infrastructure and land and buildings, to be substantially greater than our annual revenue growth rate for 2006. Our capital spending between periods may fluctuate significantly depending on the availability and price of suitable property and equipment. Management of our growth will continue to require the devotion of significant employee and other resources. We may not be able to manage this growth effectively. Finally, investments in our business are generally made with a focus on our long-term operations. Accordingly, there may be little or no linkage between our spending and our revenues in any particular quarter.
Our international revenues have grown as a percentage of our total revenues to 44% and 43% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 from 39% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005. This increase in the portion of our revenues derived from international markets results largely from increased acceptance of our advertising programs, increases in our direct sales resources and customer support operations and our continued progress in developing localized versions of our products in these international markets. Although we expect to continue to make investments in international markets, they may not result in an increase in our international revenues as a percentage of total revenues in 2006 or thereafter.
26
We currently anticipate that our effective tax rate will be at or below 30% in 2006 compared to 31.6% in 2005, primarily because we expect that our Irish subsidiary will recognize proportionately more of our earnings in 2006 compared to 2005, and such earnings are taxed at a lower statutory tax rate than in the U.S. However, if future earnings recognized by our Irish subsidiary are not as proportionately great as we expect, our effective tax rate will be higher.
Results of Operations
The following is a more detailed discussion of our financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented.
The following table presents our historical operating results as a percentage of revenues for the periods indicated (unaudited):
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2006 |
September 30, 2006 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2006 |
|||||||||||
|
Consolidated Statements of Income Data: |
|||||||||||||||
|
Revenues |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||
|
Costs and expenses: |
|||||||||||||||
|
Cost of revenues(1) |
41.5 | 40.3 | 39.0 | 42.7 | 39.8 | ||||||||||
|
Research and development(1) |
11.3 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 9.7 | 11.4 | ||||||||||
|
Sales and marketing(1) |
7.1 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 8.0 | ||||||||||
|
General and administrative(1) |
6.6 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 7.2 | ||||||||||
|
Total costs and expenses |
66.5 | 66.8 | 65.3 | 65.7 | 66.4 | ||||||||||
|
Income from operations |
33.5 | 33.2 | 34.7 | 34.3 | 33.6 | ||||||||||
|
Interest income and other, net |
1.3 | 6.6 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 4.6 | ||||||||||
|
Income before income taxes |
34.8 | 39.8 | 38.7 | 35.6 | 38.2 | ||||||||||
|
Provision for income taxes |
10.7 | 10.4 | 11.4 | 9.7 | 10.5 | ||||||||||
|
Net income |
24.1 | % | 29.4 | % | 27.3 | % | 25.9 | % | 27.7 | % | |||||
| (1) | Stock-based compensation recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005, accounted for under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, has been reclassified to these expense lines to conform with the presentation in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006. As discussed in Note 1 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, stock-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006, is presented in conformity with Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (as revised), Share-Based Payment. |
Revenues
The following table presents our revenues, by revenue source, for the periods presented (in thousands, unaudited):
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2006 |
September 30, 2006 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2006 |
|||||||||||
|
Advertising revenues: |
|||||||||||||||
|
Google web sites |
$ | 884,679 | $ | 1,432,461 | $ | 1,625,977 | $ | 2,278,848 | $ | 4,355,754 | |||||
|
Google Network web sites |
675,012 | 996,567 | 1,037,022 | 1,889,369 | 2,961,965 | ||||||||||
|
Total advertising revenues |
1,559,691 | 2,429,028 | 2,662,999 | 4,168,217 | 7,317,719 | ||||||||||
|
Licensing and other revenues |
18,765 | 26,963 | 26,674 | 51,251 | 81,700 | ||||||||||
|
Revenues |
$ | 1,578,456 | $ | 2,455,991 | $ | 2,689,673 | $ | 4,219,468 | $ | 7,399,419 | |||||
27
The following table presents our revenues, by revenue source, as a percentage of total revenues for the periods presented (unaudited):
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2006 |
September 30, 2006 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2006 |
|||||||||||
|
Advertising revenues: |
|||||||||||||||
|
Google web sites |
56 | % | 58 | % | 60 | % | 54 | % | 59 | % | |||||
|
Google Network web sites |
43 | 41 | 39 | 45 | 40 | ||||||||||
|
Total advertising revenues |
99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | ||||||||||
|
Google web sites as % of advertising revenues |
57 | 59 | 61 | 55 | 60 | ||||||||||
|
Google Network web sites as % of advertising revenues |
43 | 41 | 39 | 45 | 40 | ||||||||||
|
Licensing and other revenues |
1 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | |||||
Growth in our revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2006 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2005 and the three months ended June 30, 2006, and growth in our revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2005 resulted primarily from growth in advertising revenues. Our advertising revenue growth for Google web sites and Google Network web sites resulted primarily from increases in the total number of paid clicks and ads displayed through our programs, rather than from changes in the average fees paid by our advertisers. The increase in the number of paid clicks and ads displayed through our programs was due to an increase in aggregate traffic both on our web sites and those of our Google Network members, an increase in the number of Google Network members and distribution partners, certain improvements in the monetization of increased traffic on our web sites and our Google Network member sites and the continued global expansion of our products, our advertiser base and our user base. Improvements in our ability to monetize this increased traffic primarily relate to providing our end users with ads that are more relevant to their search queries or to the content on the Google Network members’ sites they visit. These improvements have included, for instance, reducing the number of ads on non-commercial search queries while increasing the number of ads on commercial search queries.
We believe that the increase in the number of paid clicks and ads displayed through our programs is the result of our commitment to improving the relevance and quality of both our search results and the advertisements displayed, which we believe results in a better user experience, which in turn results in more searches, advertisers, and Google Network members and other partners.
Our sequential quarterly revenue growth rate increased from 9.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2006, to 9.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2006.
The sequential quarterly revenue growth rate from our web sites increased from 10.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2006, to 13.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2006. This increase is primarily due to the continued global expansion of our products, our advertiser base and our user base as well as improvements in our ability to monetize traffic on our web sites, which more than offset seasonal slowdowns in Internet usage and commercial queries. The sequential quarterly revenue growth rate from our Google Network members’ web sites decreased from 7.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2006, to 4.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2006. This decrease is primarily the result of seasonal slowdowns in Internet usage and commercial queries and the measurement of the growth rate for the three months ended September 30, 2006 being based off of a higher revenue level. The sequential quarterly revenue growth rate from our web sites has been greater than that from our Google Network members’ web sites primarily as a result of a greater increase in the total number of paid clicks on our web sites, which was largely due to higher traffic growth and monetization improvements. We expect that our revenue growth rates will generally decline in the future as a result of increasing competition and the difficulty of maintaining growth rates as our revenues increase to higher levels.
Revenues realized through the Google Publication Ads Program, our radio advertising efforts, Google Video and Google Checkout were not material in any of the periods presented.
Licensing and other revenues decreased by $300,000 or 1.1% from the three months ended June 30, 2006 to the three months ended September 30, 2006.
In July 2006, we received final approval for settlement of the Lane’s Gift class action lawsuit in Arkansas which required us to pay plaintiffs’ attorneys’ fees of $30 million and issue total AdWords credits of no more than $60 million. The AdWords credits are accounted for as a reduction to revenues in the periods they are redeemed.
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Revenues by Geography
Domestic and international revenues as a percentage of consolidated revenues, determined based on the billing addresses of our advertisers, are set forth below (unaudited).
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2006 |
September 30, 2006 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2006 |
|||||||||||
|
United States |
61 | % | 58 | % | 56 | % | 61 | % | 57 | % | |||||
|
United Kingdom |
15 | % | 15 | % | 16 | % | 15 | % | 15 | % | |||||
|
Rest of the world |
24 | % | 27 | % | 28 | % | 24 | % | 28 | % | |||||
The growth in international revenues in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 resulted largely from increased acceptance of our advertising programs and increases in our direct sales resources and customer support operations in international markets and our continued progress in developing localized versions of our products for these international markets.
In addition, the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies (primarily the euro and the British pound) in the three months ended September 30, 2006 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2006 had a favorable impact on our international revenues. Had foreign exchange rates remained constant in these periods, our revenues would have been approximately $18.6 million or 0.7% lower. The weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies (primarily the euro and the British pound) in the three months ended September 30, 2006 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2005 had a favorable impact on our international revenues. Had foreign exchange rates remained constant in these periods, our revenues would have been approximately $35.0 million or 1.3% lower.
While international revenues in each of the periods presented accounted for less than half of our total revenues, more than half of our user traffic during these periods came from outside the U.S. Although we expect to continue to make investments in international markets, they may not result in an increase in our international revenues as a percentage of total revenues in 2006 or thereafter. See Note 10 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included as part of this Form 10-Q for additional information about geographic areas.
Costs and Expenses
Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues consists primarily of traffic acquisition costs. Traffic acquisition costs consist of amounts ultimately paid to our Google Network members under AdSense arrangements and to certain other partners (our “distribution partners”) who distribute our toolbar and other products (collectively referred to as “access points”) or otherwise direct search queries to our web site (collectively referred to as “distribution arrangements”). These amounts are primarily based on the revenue share arrangements with our Google Network members and distribution partners. Certain distribution arrangements require us to pay our partners based on a fee per access point delivered and not exclusively—or at all—based on revenue share. We recognize fees under these arrangements over the estimated useful lives of the access points (two years) to the extent we can reasonably estimate those lives or based on any contractual revenue share, if greater. Otherwise, the fees are charged to expense as incurred.
In addition, certain AdSense agreements obligate us to make guaranteed minimum revenue share payments to Google Network members based on their achieving defined performance terms, such as number of search queries or advertisements displayed. We amortize guaranteed minimum revenue share prepayments (or accrete an amount payable to a Google Network member if the payment is due in arrears) based on the number of search queries or advertisements displayed on the Google Network member’s web site or the actual revenue share amounts, whichever is greater. In addition, concurrent with the commencement of a small number of AdSense and other agreements, we have purchased certain items from, or provided other consideration to, our Google Network members and partners. We have determined that certain of these amounts are prepaid traffic acquisition costs and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related agreements.
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The following table presents our traffic acquisition costs (dollars in millions, unaudited), and traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of advertising revenues, for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2005 |
June 30, 2006 |
September 30, 2006 |
September 30, 2005 |
September 30, 2006 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Traffic acquisition costs |
$ | 529.9 | $ | 785.2 | $ | 825.3 | $ | 1,486.0 | $ | 2,333.2 | ||||||||||
|
Traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of advertising revenues |
34.0 | % | 32.3 | % | 31.0 | % | 35.7 | % | 31.9 | % | ||||||||||
Other cost of revenues includes the expenses associated with the operation of our data centers, including depreciation, labor, energy and bandwidth costs, as well as credit card and other transaction fees related to processing customer transactions.
Cost of revenues increased by $59.7 million to $1,048.7 million (or 39.0% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2006, from $989.0 million (or 40.3% of revenues) in the three months ended June 30, 2006. This increase in dollars was primarily the result of additional traffic acquisition costs, the depreciation of additional information technology assets purchased in the current and prior periods and additional data center costs. There was an increase in traffic acquisition costs of $40.1 million primarily as a result of more advertiser fees generated through our AdSense program, and to a lesser extent an increase of $8.2 million in fees expensed related to distribution arrangements. The increase in cost of revenues is also attributable to an increase in data center costs of $16.7 million primarily as a result of the depreciation of additional information technology assets purchased in the current and prior periods as well as additional personnel required to manage the data centers. The decrease in cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues was primarily the result of proportionately greater revenues from our web sites compared to our Google Network members’ web sites. Traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of advertising revenues decreased from 32.3% in the three months ended June 30, 2006 to 31.0% in the three months ended September 30, 2006. The reason for this decrease was primarily due to an increase in the proportion of advertising revenues coming from our web sites rather than from our Google Network members’ web sites. The traffic acquisition costs associated with revenues generated from ads placed on our web sites is considerably lower than the traffic acquisition costs associated with revenues generated from ads placed on our Google Network members’ web sites.
Cost of revenues increased by $393.5 million to $1,048.7 million (or 39.0% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2006, from $655.2 million (or 41.5% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2005. This increase in dollars was primarily the result of additional traffic acquisition costs, the depreciation of additional information technology assets purchased in the current and prior periods, other additional data center costs and additional credit card and other transaction fees. There was an increase in traffic acquisition costs of $295.4 million primarily as a result of more advertiser fees generated through our AdSense program, and to a much lesser extent an increase of $20.5 million in fees expensed related to distribution arrangements, and an increase in data center costs of $68.2 million primarily resulting from the depreciation of additional information technology assets purchased in the current and prior periods as well as additional labor required to manage the data centers. In addition, there was an increase in credit card and other transaction processing fees of $13.1 million resulting from more advertiser fees being generated through AdWords, as well as more transaction processing fees related to Google Checkout, an increase in expense related to acquiring content on our web sites of $9.9 million, as well as an increase in the amortization of developed technology of $4.1 million resulting from acquisitions in the current and prior years. The decrease in cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues was primarily the result of proportionately greater revenues from our web sites compared to our Google Network members’ web sites.
Traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of advertising revenues decreased from 34% in the three months ended September 30, 2005 to 31.0% in the three months ended September 30, 2006. The reason for this decrease was primarily due to an increase in the proportion of advertising revenues coming from our web sites rather than from our Google Network members’ web sites.
Cost of revenues increased by $1,141.8 million to $2,941.9 million (or 39.8% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2006, from $1,800.1 million (or 42.7% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2005. This increase in dollars was primarily the result of additional traffic acquisition costs, the depreciation of additional information technology assets purchased in the current and prior periods, other additional data center costs and additional credit card and other transaction fees. There was an increase in traffic acquisition costs of $847.2 million primarily resulting from more advertiser fees generated through our AdSense program, and to a much lesser extent an increase of $52.2 million in fees expensed related to distribution arrangements, and an increase in data center costs of $197.7 million primarily resulting from the depreciation of additional information technology assets purchased in the current and prior periods as well as additional labor required to manage the data centers. In addition, there was an increase in credit card and other transaction processing
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fees of $40.7 million resulting from more advertiser fees being generated through AdWords, an increase in expenses related to acquiring content on our web sites of $28.4 million, an increase in the amortization of developed technology of $14.1 million resulting from acquisitions in the current and prior years as well as an increase in Search Appliance costs of $6.6 million. The decrease in cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues was primarily the result of proportionately greater revenues from our web sites compared to our Google Network members’ web sites.
Traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of advertising revenues decreased from 35.7% in the nine months ended September 30, 2005 to 31.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The reason for this decrease was primarily due to an increase in the proportion of advertising revenues coming from our web sites rather than from our Google Network members’ web sites, and an increase in the proportion of our AdSense revenues coming from agreements with more favorable revenue share arrangements.
We expect cost of revenues to continue to increase in dollars in 2006 compared to 2005, primarily as a result of forecasted increases in traffic acquisition costs, data center costs, credit card and other transaction fees, including transaction processing fees related to Google Checkout, and other costs. However, traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of advertising revenues may fluctuate in the future based on a number of factors, including the following:
| • | the relative growth rates of revenues from our web sites and from our Google Network members’ web sites; |
| • | whether we are able to enter into more AdSense arrangements that provide for lower revenue share obligations or whether increased competition for arrangements with existing and potential Google Network members results in less favorable revenue share arrangements, |
| • | whether we are able to continue to improve the monetization of traffic on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites, particularly with those members to whom we have guaranteed minimum revenue share payments; |
| • | whether we share with existing and new partners proportionately more of the aggregate advertising fees that we earn from paid clicks derived from search queries these partners direct to our web sites; and |
| • | the relative growth rates of expenses associated with distribution arrangements and the related revenues generated. |
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel responsible for the research and development of new products and services, as well as significant improvements to existing products and services. We expense research and development costs as they are incurred.
Research and development expenses increased by $30.0 million to $312.6 million (or 11.6% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2006, from $282.6 million (or 11.5% of revenues) in the three months ended June 30, 2006, primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $20.7 million as a result of a 15% increase in research and development headcount, an increase in depreciation and related expenses of $6.8 million primarily as a result of additional information technology assets purchased over the six-month period ended September 30, 2006 and an increase in in-process research and development expenses of $6.8 million. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $8.8 million (see detailed discussion below).
Research and development expenses increased by $134.8 million to $312.6 million (or 11.6% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2006, from $177.8 million (or 11.3% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2005, primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $75.5 million as a result of an 85% increase in research and development headcount, and an increase in stock-based compensation cost of $35.6 million (see detailed discussion below). In addition, there was an increase in depreciation and related expenses of $20.2 million primarily as a result of additional information technology assets purchased over the fifteen-month period ended September 30, 2006, an increase of $7.8 million in professional services spending, an increase of $4.8 million in the amortization of developed technology acquired in current and prior years and an increase of $3.9 million in travel-related expenses. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in in-process research and development expenses of $14.0 million.
Research and development expenses increased by $432.2 million to $841.8 million (or 11.4% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2006, from $409.6 million (or 9.7% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2005, primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $232.2 million as a result of a 85% increase in research and development headcount, and an increase in stock-based compensation cost of $122.6 million (see detailed discussion below). In addition, there was an increase in depreciation and related expenses of $46.2 million primarily as a result of additional information technology assets purchased over the 21-month period ended September 30, 2006 and an increase in professional services spending of $17.5 million.
We anticipate that research and development expenses will increase in dollar amount and may increase as a percentage of revenues in 2006 and future periods compared to 2005 because we expect to hire more research and development
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personnel and build the infrastructure required to support the development of new, and improve existing, products and services, and because we expect greater stock-based compensation expenses primarily because of our adoption of SFAS 123R on January 1, 2006 (see detailed discussion below).
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel engaged in customer service and sales and sales support functions, as well as promotional and advertising expenditures, including certain distribution arrangements.
Sales and marketing expenses increased $10.6 million to $207.0 million (or 7.7% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2006, from $196.4 million (or 8.0% of revenues) in the three months ended June 30, 2006, primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs mostly as a result of an 20% increase in sales and marketing headcount.
Sales and marketing expenses increased $95.5 million to $207.0 million (or 7.7% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2006, from $111.5 million (or 7.1% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2005. This increase was primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $50.0 million mostly as a result of a 87% increase in sales and marketing headcount, an increase in promotional and advertising expenses of $25.9 million and an increase of $8.2 million in stock-based compensation (see detailed discussion below).
Sales and marketing expenses increased $288.8 million to $594.3 million (or 8.0% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2006, from $305.5 million (or 7.2% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2005. This increase was primarily due to an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $140.0 million mostly as a result of a 87% increase in sales and marketing headcount, an increase in promotional and advertising expenses of $87.4 million, almost half of which were related to certain distribution arrangements, an increase of $24.3 million in stock-based compensation (see detailed discussion below), an increase in depreciation and related expenses of $11.0 million, an increase in travel-related expenses of $10.6 million, an increase in sales conference expenses of approximately $9.1 million and an increase in professional services spending of $3.9 million.
We anticipate sales and marketing expenses will continue to increase in dollar amount and may increase as a percentage of revenues in 2006 and future periods compared to 2005 as we continue to expand our business on a worldwide basis. A significant portion of these increases relate to our plan to hire additional personnel and increase advertising and promotional expenditures to increase the level of service we provide to our advertisers, Google Network members and distribution partners. We also plan to add a significant number of international sales personnel to support our worldwide expansion. We also expect greater stock-based compensation expenses primarily because of our adoption of SFAS 123R on January 1, 2006 (see detailed discussion below).
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel and facilities related to our finance, human resources, facilities, information technology and legal organizations, and fees for professional services. Professional services are principally comprised of outside legal, audit, information technology consulting and outsourcing services.
General and administrative expenses increased $17.4 million to $190.0 million (or 7.0% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2006, from $172.6 million (or 7.0 % of revenues) in the three months ended June 30, 2006. There was an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $8.7 million primarily as a result of a 17% increase in headcount, an increase in bad debt expenses of $6.1 million, and an increase in professional services fees of $5.4 million, partially offset by the decrease in depreciation and related expenses of $3.8 million.
General and administrative expenses increased $85.1 million to $190.0 million (or 7.0% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2006, from $104.9 million (or 6.6% of revenues) in the three months ended September 30, 2005. There was an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $35.3 million, primarily as a result of a 91% increase in headcount, an increase in professional services fees of $18.1 million, an increase in depreciation and related expenses of $11.4 million and an increase in stock based compensation of $8.9 million (see detailed discussion below). The additional personnel, professional services and depreciation and related expenses are the result of the growth of our business.
General and administrative expenses increased $275.4 million to $532.0 million (or 7.2% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2006, from $256.6 million (or 6.1% of revenues) in the nine months ended September 30, 2005. There was an increase in labor and facilities related costs of $101.4 million, primarily as a result of a 91% increase in headcount from September 30, 2005 to September 30, 2006, an increase in professional services fees of $77.4 million which included the $30.0 million plaintiffs’ attorneys’ expenses related to the settlement of the Lane’s Gift class action lawsuit recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2006 and an increase in depreciation and related costs of $38.1 million. In addition, stock based compensation increased $31.3 million (see detailed discussion below), recruiting expenses increased
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$16.4 million, charitable contributions increased $3.6 million and bad debt expenses increased $2.6 million. The additional personnel, professional services, depreciation and related, recruiting expenses, charitable contribution and bad debt expenses are primarily the result of the growth of our business.
As we expand our business and incur additional expenses, we believe general and administrative expenses will increase in dollar amount and may increase as a percentage of revenues in 2006 and future periods compared to 2005. We also expect greater stock-based compensation expenses primarily because of our adoption of SFAS 123R on January 1, 2006 (see detailed discussion below).
Stock-Based Compensation. The following is a discussion of the accounting for our stock awards through the end of 2005 under the accounting rules then in effect:
We accounted for employee stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value method under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25). Under APB 25, deferred stock-based compensation for options granted to employees is equal to its intrinsic value, determined as the difference between the exercise prices and the values of the underlying stock on the dates of grant.
Prior to our initial public offering we typically granted stock options at exercise prices equal to or less than the value of the underlying stock as determined by our board of directors on the date of option grant. For purposes of financial accounting, we applied hindsight within each year or quarter prior to our initial public offering to arrive at reassessed values for the shares underlying these options. We recognized the difference between the exercise prices and the reassessed values as stock-based compensation over the vesting periods on an accelerated basis.
After the initial public offering, we have generally granted options at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock on the dates of option grant. As a result, only an immaterial amount of stock-based compensation was recognized over the vesting periods on an accelerated basis.
In the fourth quarter of 2004, we began granting restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain employees under our Founders’ Award and other programs. Under these programs, the fair values of the underlying stock on the dates of grant are recognized as stock-based compensation over the four year vesting periods on an accelerated basis. In the second quarter of 2005, we began granting RSUs to all newly hired employees. These RSUs vest from zero to 37.5 percent of the grant amount at the end of each of the four years from date of hire based on the employee’s performance. We recognized compensation expense for these RSUs under the variable method based on the fair market value of the underlying shares at the end of each quarter within the vesting periods.
On January 1, 2006, we adopted SFAS 123R using the modified-prospective method. Under this method, we recognize stock-based compensation over the related service periods for any stock-awards issued after December 31, 2005, as well as for all stock awards issued prior to January 1, 2006 for which the requisite service has not been provided as of January 1, 2006 because these awards are unvested. Stock-based compensation is measured based on the fair values of all stock awards on the dates of grant.
We have elected to use the Black-Scholes-Merton (“BSM”) option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based awards under SFAS 123R, consistent with that used for pro forma disclosures under SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.
We continue to recognize stock-based compensation using the accelerated method for all stock awards issued prior to January 1, 2006, other than RSUs issued to new employees that vest based on the employee’s performance for which we use the straight-line method. We elected to recognize stock-based compensation