Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2008

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number: 000-50726

 

 

Google Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   77-0493581

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

1600 Amphitheatre Parkway

Mountain View, CA 94043

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(650) 253-0000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  x            Accelerated filer  ¨

Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  ¨    Smaller reporting company  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

At July 31, 2008, there were 239,109,856 shares of Google’s Class A common stock and 75,336,583 shares of Google’s Class B common stock outstanding.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

GOOGLE INC.

INDEX

 

          Page No.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION   
Item 1    Financial Statements   
   Consolidated Balance Sheets—December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008 (unaudited)    3
   Consolidated Statements of Income—Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2007 and 2008 (unaudited)    4
   Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Six Months Ended June 30, 2007 and 2008 (unaudited)    5
   Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)    6
Item 2    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    22
Item 3    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    37
Item 4    Controls and Procedures    38
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION   
Item 1    Legal Proceedings    39
Item 1A    Risk Factors    39
Item 2    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds    50
Item 4    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    51
Item 5    Other Information    53
Item 6    Exhibits    53
   Signatures    54
   Exhibit Index    55
   Certifications   

 

2


Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GOOGLE INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value per share)

 

     As of
December 31,
2007
   As of
June 30,
2008
          (unaudited)

Assets

     

Current assets:

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 6,081,593    $ 7,363,536

Marketable securities

     8,137,020      5,370,133

Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $32,887 and $67,326

     2,162,521      2,641,901

Deferred income taxes, net

     68,538      94,402

Income taxes receivable, net

     145,253      —  

Prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets

     694,213      846,865
             

Total current assets

     17,289,138      16,316,837

Prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets, non-current

     168,530      444,844

Deferred income taxes, net, non-current

     33,219      220,079

Non-marketable equity securities

     1,059,694      1,067,520

Property and equipment, net

     4,039,261      5,137,710

Intangible assets, net

     446,596      1,138,991

Goodwill

     2,299,368      4,853,805
             

Total assets

   $ 25,335,806    $ 29,179,786
             

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

     

Current liabilities:

     

Accounts payable

   $ 282,106    $ 439,281

Accrued compensation and benefits

     588,390      493,284

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

     465,032      555,117

Accrued revenue share

     522,001      517,287

Deferred revenue

     178,073      197,433

Income taxes payable, net

     —        143,113
             

Total current liabilities

     2,035,602      2,345,515

Deferred revenue, non-current

     30,249      30,933

Deferred income taxes, net, non-current

     —        22,197

Income taxes payable, non-current

     478,372      711,827

Other long-term liabilities

     101,904      156,299

Commitments and contingencies

     

Stockholders’ equity:

     

Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding

     —        —  

Class A and Class B common stock, $0.001 par value: 9,000,000 shares authorized; 312,917 (Class A 236,097, Class B 76,820) and par value of $313 (Class A $236, Class B $77) and 314,253 (Class A 238,889, Class B 75,364) and par value of $314 (Class A $239, Class B $75) shares issued and outstanding, excluding 361 (Class A 336, Class B 25) and 101 (Class A 99, Class B 2) shares subject to repurchase at December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008

     313      314

Additional paid-in capital

     13,241,221      13,904,271

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     113,373      119,181

Retained earnings

     9,334,772      11,889,249
             

Total stockholders’ equity

     22,689,679      25,913,015
             

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 25,335,806    $ 29,179,786
             

See accompanying notes.

 

3


Table of Contents

GOOGLE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30,
   Six Months Ended
June 30,
     2007    2008    2007    2008
     (unaudited)

Revenues

   $ 3,871,985    $ 5,367,212    $ 7,535,956    $ 10,553,255

Costs and expenses:

           

Cost of revenues (including stock-based compensation expense of $7,659, $9,363, $12,048 and $18,511)

     1,560,255      2,147,575      3,030,682      4,258,111

Research and development (including stock-based compensation expense of $156,983, $187,281, $277,771 and $381,081)

     532,106      682,210      940,490      1,355,279

Sales and marketing (including stock-based compensation expense of $36,385, $42,593, $63,635 and $85,169)

     355,604      484,552      658,156      931,450

General and administrative (including stock-based compensation expense of $40,497, $33,539, $71,936 and $68,794)

     319,405      474,910      580,804      884,215
                           

Total costs and expenses

     2,767,370      3,789,247      5,210,132      7,429,055
                           

Income from operations

     1,104,615      1,577,965      2,325,824      3,124,200

Interest income and other, net

     137,130      57,923      267,859      225,266
                           

Income before income taxes

     1,241,745      1,635,888      2,593,683      3,349,466

Provision for income taxes

     316,625      388,497      666,401      794,989
                           

Net income

   $ 925,120    $ 1,247,391    $ 1,927,282    $ 2,554,477
                           

Net income per share of Class A and Class B common stock:

           

Basic

   $ 2.98    $ 3.97    $ 6.22    $ 8.15
                           

Diluted

   $ 2.93    $ 3.92    $ 6.12    $ 8.04
                           

See accompanying notes.

 

4


Table of Contents

GOOGLE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

 

     Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2007     2008  
     (unaudited)  

Operating activities

    

Net income

   $ 1,927,282     $ 2,554,477  

Adjustments:

    

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment

     358,426       589,280  

Amortization of intangibles and other

     69,921       138,851  

Stock-based compensation

     425,390       553,555  

Excess tax benefits from stock-based award activity

     (179,815 )     (94,979 )

Deferred income taxes

     (182,441 )     (105,890 )

Other, net

     (35 )     (24,658 )

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:

    

Accounts receivable

     (325,034 )     (296,376 )

Income taxes, net

     515,848       528,359  

Prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets

     (207,524 )     (182,803 )

Accounts payable

     (74,662 )     39,237  

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

     20,881       (147,251 )

Accrued revenue share

     82,152       (16,450 )

Deferred revenue

     19,130       10,248  
                

Net cash provided by operating activities

     2,449,519       3,545,600  
                

Investing activities

    

Purchases of property and equipment

     (1,171,991 )     (1,539,114 )

Purchases of marketable securities

     (7,343,870 )     (4,921,310 )

Maturities and sales of marketable securities

     7,017,218       7,416,559  

Investments in non-marketable equity securities

     (10,288 )     (9,492 )

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and purchases of intangible and other assets

     (207,540 )     (3,312,270 )
                

Net cash used in investing activities

     (1,716,471 )     (2,365,627 )
                

Financing activities

    

Net proceeds (payments) related to stock-based award activity

     28,824       (22,746 )

Excess tax benefits from stock-based award activity

     179,815       94,979  
                

Net cash provided by financing activities

     208,639       72,233  
                

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     7,294       29,737  
                

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

     948,981       1,281,943  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

     3,544,671       6,081,593  
                

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 4,493,652     $ 7,363,536  
                

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information

    

Cash paid for interest

   $ 586     $ 947  
                

Cash paid for income taxes

   $ 333,874     $ 378,550  
                

See accompanying notes.

 

5


Table of Contents

GOOGLE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Google Inc. and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

We were incorporated in California in September 1998. We were re-incorporated in the State of Delaware in August 2003. We provide highly targeted advertising and global internet search solutions as well as intranet solutions via an enterprise search appliance.

Basis of Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Google and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2008, the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2008, and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2008 are unaudited. These unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In our opinion, the unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position as of June 30, 2008, our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2008, and our cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2008. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2008.

These unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in our 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 15, 2008.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of interim Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to accounts receivable, bad debt and sales allowances, fair values of marketable and non-marketable securities, fair values of prepaid revenue share, intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, fair values of options to purchase our common stock, and income taxes, among others. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

Effect of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations (“SFAS 141R”). SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. SFAS 141R also establishes disclosure requirements to enable the evaluation of the nature and financial effects of the business combination. This statement is effective for us beginning January 1, 2009. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of SFAS 141R on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51 (“SFAS 160”). SFAS 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent, the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest, changes in a parent’s ownership interest, and the valuation of retained noncontrolling equity investments when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. SFAS 160 also establishes disclosure requirements that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. This statement is effective for us beginning January 1, 2009. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of SFAS 160 on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In February 2008, the FASB issued Financial Staff Positions (“FSP”) SFAS 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 (“FSP 157-2”), which delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurement (“SFAS 157”), for all

 

6


Table of Contents

nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). SFAS 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. FSP 157-2 partially defers the effective date of SFAS 157 to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years for items within the scope of this FSP. FSP 157-2 is effective for us beginning January 1, 2009. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of those provisions of SFAS 157, for which effectiveness was delayed by FSP 157-2, on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP SFAS 142-3, Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets (“FSP 142-3”). This guidance is intended to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (“SFAS 142”), and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under SFAS 141R when the underlying arrangement includes renewal or extension of terms that would require substantial costs or result in a material modification to the asset upon renewal or extension. Companies estimating the useful life of a recognized intangible asset must now consider their historical experience in renewing or extending similar arrangements or, in the absence of historical experience, must consider assumptions that market participants would use about renewal or extension as adjusted for SFAS 142’s entity-specific factors. FSP 142-3 is effective for us beginning January 1, 2009. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of FSP 142-3 on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Note 2. Net Income per Share of Class A and Class B common stock

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share of Class A and Class B common stock (in thousands, except per share amounts, unaudited):

 

     For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
    For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2007     2008     2007     2008  
     (unaudited)  
     Class A     Class B     Class A     Class B     Class A     Class B     Class A     Class B  

Basic net income per share:

                

Numerator:

                

Allocation of undistributed earnings

   $ 687,241     $ 237,879     $ 947,389     $ 300,002     $ 1,427,701     $ 499,581     $ 1,935,792     $ 618,685  

Denominator:

                

Weighted average common shares outstanding

     231,290       79,974       238,481       75,481       230,338       80,508       237,748       75,935  

Less: Weighted average unvested common shares subject to repurchase or cancellation

     (677 )     (151 )     (138 )     (7 )     (786 )     (184 )     (197 )     (13 )
                                                                

Number of shares used in per share computations

     230,613       79,823       238,343       75,474       229,552       80,324       237,551       75,922  
                                                                

Basic net income per share

   $ 2.98     $ 2.98     $ 3.97     $ 3.97     $ 6.22     $ 6.22     $ 8.15     $ 8.15  
                                                                

Diluted net income per share:

                

Numerator:

                

Allocation of undistributed earnings for basic computation

   $ 687,241     $ 237,879     $ 947,389     $ 300,002     $ 1,427,701     $ 499,581     $ 1,935,792     $ 618,685  

Reallocation of undistributed earnings as a result of conversion of Class B to Class A shares

     237,879       —         300,002       —         499,581       —         618,685       —    

 

7


Table of Contents
     For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
    For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2007     2008     2007     2008  
     (unaudited)  
     Class A    Class B     Class A    Class B     Class A    Class B     Class A    Class B  

Reallocation of undistributed earnings to Class B shares

     —        (1,508 )     —        (2,889 )     —        (2,752 )     —        (5,738 )
                                                            

Allocation of undistributed earnings

   $ 925,120    $ 236,371     $ 1,247,391    $ 297,113     $ 1,927,282    $ 496,829     $ 2,554,477    $ 612,947  

Denominator:

                    

Number of shares used in basic computation

     230,613      79,823       238,343      75,474       229,552      80,324       237,551      75,922  

Weighted average effect of dilutive securities

                    

Add:

                    

Conversion of Class B to Class A common shares outstanding

     79,823      —         75,474      —         80,324      —         75,922      —    

Unvested common shares subject to repurchase or cancellation

     828      151       145      7       970      184       210      13  

Employee stock options including warrants issued under TSO program (see Note 12)

     3,289      629       3,269      268       3,446      738       3,256      299  

Restricted shares and restricted stock units

     916      —         792      —         878      —         769      —    
                                                            

Number of shares used in per share computations

     315,469      80,603       318,023      75,749       315,170      81,246       317,708      76,234  
                                                            

Diluted net income per share

   $ 2.93    $ 2.93     $ 3.92    $ 3.92     $ 6.12    $ 6.12     $ 8.04    $ 8.04  
                                                            

 

8


Table of Contents

The net income per share amounts are the same for Class A and Class B because the holders of each class are legally entitled to equal per share distributions whether through dividends or in liquidation. Certain securities have been excluded from our net income per share computation because their effect was anti-dilutive. The number of shares excluded was not material in any of the periods presented.

 

9


Table of Contents

Note 3. Cash and Investments

We have classified our investments in auction rate securities as non-current assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2008. These securities had previously been classified as marketable securities. As a result, these amounts have been excluded from the June 30, 2008 balances in the tables below.

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities consists of the following (in thousands):

 

     As of
December 31,
2007
   As of
June 30,
2008
          (unaudited)

Cash and cash equivalents:

     

Cash

   $ 2,869,528    $ 3,469,814

Cash equivalents:

     

U.S. government agencies

     110,272      176,699

Municipal securities

     232,278      113,575

Time deposits

     500,000      1,000,000

Money market mutual funds

     2,369,515      2,603,448
             

Total cash and cash equivalents

     6,081,593      7,363,536
             

Marketable securities:

     

U.S. government notes

     475,781      195,147

U.S. government agencies

     2,120,972      760,814

Municipal securities

     4,991,564      4,414,172

Time deposits

     500,000      —  

Auction rate preferred securities

     48,703      —  
             

Total marketable securities

     8,137,020      5,370,133
             

Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities

   $ 14,218,613    $ 12,733,669
             

The following table summarizes unrealized gains and losses related to our investments in marketable securities designated as available-for-sale (in thousands):

 

     As of December 31, 2007
     Adjusted
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value

U.S. government notes

   $ 472,040    $ 3,745    $ (4 )   $ 475,781

U.S. government agencies

     2,102,710      18,306      (44 )     2,120,972

Municipal securities

     4,975,587      16,308      (331 )     4,991,564

Time deposits

     500,000      —        —         500,000

Auction rate preferred securities

     48,703      —        —         48,703
                            

Total marketable securities

   $ 8,099,040    $ 38,359    $ (379 )   $ 8,137,020
                            
     As of June 30, 2008
     Adjusted
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value
     (unaudited)

U.S. government notes

   $ 196,579    $ 183    $ (1,615 )   $ 195,147

U.S. government agencies

     762,682      169      (2,037 )     760,814

Municipal securities

     4,410,163      17,856      (13,847 )     4,414,172
                            

Total marketable securities

   $ 5,369,424    $ 18,208    $ (17,499 )   $ 5,370,133
                            

Bank time deposits were held by institutions outside the U.S. at December 31, 2007 and at June 30, 2008.

Gross unrealized gains and losses on cash equivalents were not material at December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008. Gross realized gains and losses were not material in the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and gross realized losses were not

 

10


Table of Contents

material in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008. We recognized gross realized gains of $8.1 million and $58.9 million on the sale of our marketable securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008. There were no other-than-temporary impairments to our marketable securities in the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2008. Realized gains and losses are included in interest income and other, net, in our accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of our investments in marketable debt securities designated as available-for-sale classified by the contractual maturity date of the security (in thousands):

 

     As of
December 31,
2007
   As of
June 30,
2008
          (unaudited)

Due within 1 year

   $ 1,964,325    $ 849,191

Due in 1 to 5 years

     3,359,472      2,964,942

Due in 5 to 10 years

     310,332      235,478

Due after 10 years

     2,454,188      1,320,522
             

Total marketable debt securities

   $ 8,088,317    $ 5,370,133
             

In accordance with EITF 03-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments, the following table shows gross unrealized losses and fair value for those investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands):

 

     As of December 31, 2007  
     Less than 12 Months     12 Months or Greater     Total  

Security Description

   Fair Value    Unrealized
Loss
    Fair Value    Unrealized
Loss
    Fair Value    Unrealized
Loss
 

U.S. government notes

   $ 30,525    $ (4 )   $ —      $ —       $ 30,525    $ (4 )

U.S. government agencies

     98,682      (41 )     19,993      (3 )     118,675      (44 )

Municipal securities

     270,708      (227 )     54,832      (104 )     325,540      (331 )
                                             

Total

   $ 399,915    $ (272 )   $ 74,825    $ (107 )   $ 474,740    $ (379 )
                                             

 

     As of June 30, 2008  
     Less than 12 Months     Total  

Security Description

   Fair Value    Unrealized
Loss
    Fair Value    Unrealized
Loss
 

U.S. government notes

   $ 144,277    $ (1,615 )   $ 144,277    $ (1,615 )

U.S. government agencies

     517,553      (2,037 )     517,553      (2,037 )

Municipal securities

     1,419,029      (13,847 )     1,419,029      (13,847 )
                              

Total

   $ 2,080,859    $ (17,499 )   $ 2,080,859    $ (17,499 )
                              

As of June 30, 2008, we did not have any investments in marketable securities that were in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or greater.

Auction Rate Securities

At June 30, 2008, we held $241.8 million of auction rate securities. The assets underlying these investments are primarily student loans which are substantially guaranteed by the U.S. government. Historically, these securities have provided liquidity through a Dutch auction at pre-determined intervals every 7 to 49 days. However, these auctions began to fail in February 2008. As a result, these securities do not have a readily determinable market value and are not liquid. To determine their estimated fair values at June 30, 2008, we used a discounted cash flow model based on estimated interest rates over the period of time we expect to hold these securities. Based on this analysis, we recorded a temporary impairment of $18.9 million ($11.3 million, net of tax effect) to accumulated other comprehensive income on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2008 (see Note 5).

To the extent we determine that any impairment is other-than-temporary, we would record a charge to earnings. In addition, we have concluded that the auctions for these securities may continue to fail for at least the next 12 months and as a result, they have been classified as non-current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2008.

 

11


Table of Contents

Investment in America Online (“AOL”)

We review our investment in AOL for impairment in accordance with FSP SFAS 115-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments (“FSP 115-1”). Based on our review, we believe our investment in AOL may be impaired. After consideration of the duration of the impairment, as well as the reasons for any decline in value and the potential recovery period, we do not believe that such impairment is “other-than-temporary” at June 30, 2008 as defined under FSP 115-1. As a result, our investment in this non-marketable equity security is carried at cost on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We will continue to review this investment for impairment in the future. There can be no assurance that impairment charges will not be required in the future, and any such amounts may be material to our Consolidated Statements of Income.

Note 4. Derivative Financial Instruments

We enter into foreign currency contracts with financial institutions to reduce the risk that our cash flows and earnings will be adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Our program is not designated for trading or speculative purposes.

In accordance with SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (“SFAS 133”), we recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of the derivatives are recorded in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income as interest income and other, net, or as part of revenues, or on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as accumulated other comprehensive income.

Cash Flow Hedges

We use a combination of forward contracts and options designated as cash flow hedges to hedge certain forecasted revenue transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The gain or loss on the effective portion of a cash flow hedge is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified to revenues when the hedged exposure affects revenues or as interest income and other, net, if the hedged transaction becomes probable of not occurring. The effective portion of our cash flow hedges, which we reclassified to revenues from accumulated other comprehensive income, was $4.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008. Any gain or loss after a hedge is de-designated because the hedged transaction is no longer probable of occurring or related to an ineffective portion of a hedge is recognized as interest income and other, net, immediately. The ineffective portion of our cash flow hedges was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008. Further, the amount excluded from our assessment of hedge effectiveness—e.g., the premium paid for an option whose strike price is equal to or greater than the market price on the date of purchase (the “time value”)—is recorded as an asset. Thereafter, any change to this “time value” is included in interest income and other, net. Amounts excluded from our assessment of hedge effectiveness were $27.4 million and $29.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008.

At June 30, 2008, the notional principal and fair value of foreign exchange contracts to purchase U.S. dollars with Euros were €1.7 billion (or approximately $2.6 billion) and $60.4 million. In addition, at June 30, 2008, the notional principal and fair value of foreign exchange contracts to purchase U.S. dollars with Canadian dollars were 233.7 million Canadian dollars (or approximately $223.4 million) and $3.0 million. These foreign exchange forward contracts and options have maturities of 18 months or less. There were no other foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges.

Other Derivatives

Other derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under SFAS 133 consist primarily of forward contracts that we use to hedge intercompany balances and other monetary assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the local currency of a subsidiary. Gains and losses on these contracts as well as the related costs are included in interest income and other, net, along with the gains and losses of the related hedged items. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, we recognized $11.6 million and $13.9 million of costs related to these contracts. Costs incurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 were not material. The fair value of these foreign exchange contracts was not material at December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008. The notional principal of foreign exchange contracts to purchase U.S. dollars with foreign currencies was $1.5 billion and $2.3 billion at December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008. The notional principal of foreign exchange contracts to purchase Euros with other currencies was €296.5 million (or approximately $433.4 million) and €533.0 million (or approximately $838.1 million) at December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008. The notional principal of foreign exchange contracts to sell Euros for Taiwanese dollars was €25.2 million (or approximately $39.7 million) at June 30, 2008.

 

12


Table of Contents

Note 5. Fair Value Measurements

Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted SFAS 157, except as it applies to the nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities subject to FSP 157-2. SFAS 157 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, SFAS 157 establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

In accordance with SFAS 157, we measure our cash equivalents, marketable securities, auction rate securities and foreign currency derivative contracts at fair value. Our cash equivalents and marketable securities are classified within Level 1 or Level 2. This is because our cash equivalents and marketable securities are valued using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs. Our investments in auction rate securities are classified within Level 3 because they are valued using a discounted cash flow model (see Note 3). Some of the inputs to this model are unobservable in the market and are significant. Our foreign currency derivative contracts are classified within Level 2 as the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable data of similar instruments in inactive markets.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are summarized below (unaudited, in thousands):

 

          Fair value measurement at reporting date using

Description

   June 30,
2008
   Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
   Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)

Assets

           

Cash equivalents:

           

U.S. government agencies

   $ 176,699    $ —      $ 176,699    $ —  

Municipal securities

     113,575      —        113,575      —  

Time deposits

     1,000,000      —        1,000,000      —  

Money market mutual funds

     2,603,448      2,603,448      —        —  

Marketable securities:

           

U.S. government notes

     195,147      —        195,147      —  

U.S. government agencies

     760,814      —        760,814      —  

Municipal securities

     4,414,172      —        4,414,172      —  

Foreign currency derivative contracts

     64,824      —        64,824      —  

Auction rate securities

     241,841      —        —        241,841
                           

Total assets

   $ 9,570,520    $ 2,603,448    $ 6,725,231    $ 241,841

Liabilities

           

Foreign currency derivative contracts

   $ 777    $ —      $ 777    $ —  
                           

Total liabilities

   $ 777    $ —      $ 777    $ —  
                           

The following table presents our assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as defined in SFAS 157 at June 30, 2008 (unaudited, in thousands):

 

     Level 3  

Balance at December 31, 2007

   $ —    

Transfers to Level 3

     311,225  

Unrealized loss included in other comprehensive income

     (18,853 )

Net settlements

     (50,531 )
        

Balance at June 30, 2008

   $ 241,841  
        

 

13


Table of Contents

Effective January 1, 2008, we also adopted SFAS 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115, which allows an entity to choose to measure certain financial instruments and liabilities at fair value on a contract-by-contract basis. Subsequent fair value measurement for the financial instruments and liabilities an entity chooses to measure will be recognized in earnings. As of June 30, 2008, we did not elect such option for our financial instruments and liabilities.

Note 6. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     As of
December 31,
2007
   As of
June 30,
2008
          (unaudited)

Information technology assets

   $ 2,734,916    $ 3,186,816

Construction in process

     1,364,651      2,214,021

Land and buildings

     951,334      1,018,804

Leasehold improvements

     416,884      531,683

Furniture and fixtures

     52,127      61,679
             

Total

     5,519,912      7,013,003

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

     1,480,651      1,875,293
             

Property and equipment, net

   $ 4,039,261    $ 5,137,710
             

Note 7. Acquisitions

In March 2008, we acquired Click Holding Corp. (“DoubleClick”), a company that offers online ad serving and management services to advertisers, ad agencies and web site publishers. We acquired DoubleClick primarily for their customer relationships, as well as patents and developed technology. This transaction was accounted for as a business combination. The total purchase price was $3.2 billion paid in cash, including transaction costs of $70.4 million.

The preliminary allocation of the purchase price was based upon our preliminary estimates and assumptions which may be subject to change. The primary areas of the purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized are related to restructuring activities, income taxes and residual goodwill. The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price of DoubleClick (unaudited, in thousands):

 

Goodwill

   $ 2,371,440  

Customer relationships

     637,200  

Patents and developed technology

     143,400  

Tradenames and other

     28,300  

Net assets acquired

     98,042  

Deferred tax assets

     269,037  

Deferred tax liabilities

     (301,179 )
        

Total

   $ 3,246,240  
        

Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

Customer relationships have a weighted-average useful life of 6.7 years. Patents and developed technology have a weighted-average useful life of 5.0 years. Tradenames and other have a weighted-average useful life of 5.5 years. The majority of these assets are not deductible for tax purposes.

 

14


Table of Contents

Supplemental information on an unaudited pro forma basis, as if the DoubleClick acquisition had been consummated at the beginning of each of the periods presented, is as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):

 

     Six Months Ended
June 30,
     2007    2008
     (unaudited)

Revenues

   $ 7,684    $ 10,623

Net income

     1,793      2,519

Net income per share of Class A and Class B common stock - diluted

     5.69      7.93

The unaudited pro forma supplemental information is based on estimates and assumptions, which we believe are reasonable. It is not necessarily indicative of our consolidated financial position or results of income in future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had we been a combined company as of the beginning of the periods presented. The unaudited pro forma supplemental information includes incremental intangible asset amortization and other charges as a result of the acquisition, net of the related tax effects.

In connection with certain acquisitions in prior periods, we are obligated to make additional cash payments if certain criteria are met. As of June 30, 2008, our remaining contingent obligations related to these acquisitions was approximately $581 million, which if the criteria are met, would be recorded as part of the purchase price. Since these contingent payments are based on the achievement of performance targets, actual payments may be substantially lower.

Note 8. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2008 are as follows (in thousands):

 

Balance as of December 31, 2007

   $ 2,299,368

Goodwill acquired

     2,372,474

Goodwill adjustment

     181,963
      

Balance as of June 30, 2008

   $ 4,853,805
      

The goodwill adjustment of $182.0 million was primarily a result of contingent payments earned upon the achievement of certain performance targets.

Information regarding our acquisition-related intangible assets that are being amortized is as follows (in thousands):

 

     As of December 31, 2007
     Gross
Carrying
Amount
   Accumulated
Amortization
   Net
Carrying
Value

Patents and developed technology

   $ 364,937    $ 179,102    $ 185,835

Customer relationships

     171,876      37,738      134,138

Tradenames and other

     196,392      69,769      126,623
                    

Total

   $ 733,205    $ 286,609    $ 446,596
                    
     As of June 30, 2008
     Gross
Carrying
Amount
   Accumulated
Amortization
   Net
Carrying
Value
          (unaudited)     

Patents and developed technology

   $ 522,279    $ 237,980    $ 284,299

Customer relationships

     809,076      89,116      719,960

Tradenames and other

     229,452      94,720      134,732
                    

Total

   $ 1,560,807    $ 421,816    $ 1,138,991
                    

 

15


Table of Contents

In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2008, we capitalized intangible assets of $13.9 million, paid in cash, primarily related to milestone payments for acquisitions completed prior to 2008.

Amortization expense of acquisition-related intangible assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 was $34.3 million and $70.6 million and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 was $80.0 million and $135.0 million. Expected amortization expense for acquisition-related intangible assets on our June 30, 2008 Consolidated Balance Sheet for the remainder of 2008 and each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (unaudited, in thousands):

 

Remainder of 2008

   $ 148,043

2009

     249,952

2010

     219,204

2011

     166,979

2012

     129,730

2013

     103,671

Thereafter

     113,314
      
   $ 1,130,893
      

 

16


Table of Contents

Note 9. Interest Income and Other, Net

The components of interest income and other, net were as follows (in thousands):

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2007     2008     2007     2008  
     (unaudited)  

Interest income

   $ 137,984     $ 88,086     $ 268,460     $ 210,089  

Realized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net

     (1,024 )     7,252       7,028       53,823  

Foreign exchange gains (losses), net

     594       (42,733 )     (5,075 )     (41,007 )

Other

     (424 )     5,318       (2,554 )     2,361  
                                

Interest income and other, net

   $ 137,130     $ 57,923     $ 267,859     $ 225,266  
                                

Note 10. Comprehensive Income

The changes in the components of other comprehensive income, net of taxes, were as follows (in thousands):

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2007     2008     2007     2008  
     (unaudited)  

Net income

   $ 925,120     $ 1,247,391     $ 1,927,282     $ 2,554,477  

Change in unrealized losses on marketable securities, net

     (14,532 )     (23,283 )     (13,651 )     (33,091 )

Change in cumulative translation adjustment and other

     6,839       9,048       19,588       38,899  
                                

Comprehensive income

   $ 917,427     $ 1,233,156     $ 1,933,219     $ 2,560,285  
                                

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes, were as follows (in thousands):

 

     As of
December 31,
2007
   As of
June 30,
2008
 
          (unaudited)  

Unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net

   $ 22,501    $ (10,590 )

Cumulative translation adjustment and other

     90,872      129,771  
               

Accumulated other comprehensive income

   $ 113,373    $ 119,181  
               

Note 11. Contingencies

Legal Matters

Companies have filed trademark infringement and related claims against us over the display of ads in response to user queries that include trademark terms. The outcomes of these lawsuits have differed from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Courts in France have held us liable for allowing advertisers to select certain trademarked terms as keywords. We are appealing those decisions. We were also subject to two lawsuits in Germany on similar matters where the courts held that we are not liable for the actions of our advertisers prior to notification of trademark rights. We are litigating, or have recently litigated similar issues in other cases, in the U.S., Australia, Austria, Brazil, China, France, Germany, Israel and Italy.

We have also had copyright claims filed against us by companies alleging that features of certain of our products and services, including Google Web Search, Google News, Google Video, Google Image Search, Google Book Search and YouTube, infringe their rights. Adverse results in these lawsuits may include awards of substantial monetary damages, costly royalty or licensing agreements or orders preventing us from offering certain functionalities, and may also result in a change in our business practices, which could result in a loss of revenue for us or otherwise harm our business. In addition, any time one of our products or services links to or hosts material in which others allegedly own copyrights, we face the risk of being sued for copyright infringement or related claims. Because these products and services comprise the majority of our products and services, our business could be harmed in the event of an adverse result in any of these claims.

 

17


Table of Contents

We have also had patent lawsuits filed against us alleging that certain of our products and services, including Google Web Search, Google AdWords, and Google AdSense, infringe patents held by others. In addition, the number of demands for license fees and the dollar amounts associated with each request continue to increase. Adverse results in these lawsuits, or our decision to license patents based upon these demands, may result in substantial costs and, in the case of adverse litigation rulings, could prevent us from offering certain features, functionalities, products or services, which could result in a loss of revenue for us or otherwise harm our business.

We are also a party to other litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business, including intellectual property claims (in addition to the trademark and copyright matters noted above), labor and employment claims, breach of contract claims, tax and other matters.

Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of the matters discussed above will not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Income Taxes

We are currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Service and various other tax authorities. We have reserved for potential adjustments to our provision for income taxes that may result from examinations by, or any negotiated agreements with, these tax authorities, and we believe that the final outcome of these examinations or agreements will not have a material effect on our results of operations. If events occur which indicate payment of these amounts is unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in the recognition of tax benefits in the period we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If our estimates of the federal, state, and foreign income tax liabilities are less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result.

Note 12. Stockholders’ Equity

The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the stock options granted in the periods presented:

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2007     2008     2007     2008  
     (unaudited)  

Risk-free interest rate

     4.8 %     3.0 %     4.7 %     2.9 %

Expected volatility

     29 %     36 %     30 %     35 %

Expected life (in years)

     5.7       5.3       4.2       5.3  

Dividend yield

     —         —         —         —    

Weighted-average estimated fair value of options granted during the period

   $ 181.01     $ 197.26     $ 149.33     $ 235.51  

The following table summarizes the activity for our options for the six months ended June 30, 2008:

 

     Options Outstanding
     Number of
Shares
    Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
   Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in years)
   Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions) (1)
     (unaudited)

Balance at December 31, 2007

   12,892,886     $ 333.62      

Options granted

   671,100     $ 437.91      

Exercised (2)

   (1,025,089 )   $ 57.58      

Canceled/forfeited

   (287,603 )   $ 415.26      
              

Balance at June 30, 2008

   12,251,194     $ 355.26    7.0    $ 2,259.0
              

Vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2008

   5,500,922     $ 243.65    6.8    $ 1,555.7

Vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2008 and expected to vest thereafter (3)

   11,654,746     $ 351.31    7.0    $ 2,206.5

 

18


Table of Contents

 

(1) The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the excess, if any, of the closing price of $526.42 of our Class A common stock on June 30, 2008 over the exercise price of the underlying awards.

 

(2) Includes options vested during the period that were early exercised.

 

(3) Options expected to vest reflect an estimated forfeiture rate.

The following table summarizes additional information regarding outstanding, exercisable and exercisable and vested stock options at June 30, 2008:

 

     Options Outstanding    Options Exercisable    Options Exercisable
and Vested

Range of Exercise Prices

   Total
Number of
Shares
   Unvested
Options
Granted and
Exercised
Subsequent to
March 21,
2002
   Number of
Shares
   Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Life
(Years)
   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
   Number of
Shares
   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
   Number of
Shares
   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
$ 0.30–94.80    1,807,175    100,746    1,706,429    5.4    $ 20.51    1,571,881    $ 18.64    1,234,913    $ 19.50
$117.84–$198.41    1,614,764    —      1,614,764    5.0    $ 176.70    1,243,569    $ 175.38    1,244,456    $ 175.37
$205.96–$298.91    1,365,935    —      1,365,935    5.7    $ 274.51    912,115    $ 273.95    912,061    $ 273.95
$300.97–$399.00    1,727,230    —      1,727,230    6.3    $ 329.78    1,034,083    $ 327.17    1,033,225    $ 327.16
$401.78–$499.07    1,598,572    —      1,598,572    8.0    $ 450.49    577,630    $ 443.75    576,832    $ 443.73
$500.00–594.05    3,879,698    —      3,879,698    8.9    $ 556.54    500,072    $ 508.74    499,274    $ 508.74
$615.95–$699.35    205,847    —      205,847    9.4    $ 655.46    112    $ 664.92    112    $ 664.92
$707.00–$732.94    52,073    —      52,073    9.4    $ 718.23    49    $ 707.00    49    $ 707.00
                                    
$ 0.30–$732.94    12,251,294    100,746    12,150,548    7.0    $ 355.26    5,839,511    $ 230.57    5,500,922    $ 243.65
                                    

Options outstanding at June 30, 2008 in the above tables include 100,746 options granted and exercised subsequent to March 21, 2002 that are unvested at June 30, 2008, in accordance with EITF Issue No. 00-23, Issues Related to Accounting for Stock Compensation Under APB Opinion No. 25 and FASB Interpretation No. 44. However, the computations of the weighted-average exercise prices, weighted-average remaining contractual term and aggregate intrinsic value do not consider these unvested shares. Further, the above tables include 1,302,121 warrants held by financial institutions that were options purchased from employees under our Transferable Stock Option (“TSO”) program.

The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 was $159.0 million and $320.0 million. The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 was $142.4 and $288.6 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of all options exercised for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 was $131.5 million and $359.8 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of all options exercised for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 was $245.9 million and $644.6 million. These amounts do not include the aggregate sales price of options sold under our TSO program.

During the six months ended June 30, 2008, the number of shares underlying TSOs sold to selected financial institutions under the TSO program was 377,722 at a total value of $109.9 million, or an average of $290.84 per share, and an average premium of $36.32 per share. The premium is calculated as the difference between (a) the sale price of the TSO and (b) the intrinsic value of the TSO, which we define as the excess, if any, of the price of our Class A common stock at the time of the sale over the exercise price of the TSO. At June 30, 2008, the number of options eligible for participation under the TSO program was 8.5 million.

As of June 30, 2008, there was $954.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee stock options, net of forecasted forfeitures. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.8 years. To the extent the forfeiture rate is different from what we have anticipated, stock-based compensation related to these awards will be different from our expectations.

 

19


Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the activity for our unvested restricted stock units and restricted shares for the six months ended June 30, 2008:

 

     Unvested Restricted Stock Units
and Restricted Shares
     Number of
Shares
    Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
     (unaudited)

Unvested at December 31, 2007

   2,990,222     $ 526.92

Granted

   1,163,759     $ 476.84

Vested

   (361,171 )   $ 394.21

Forfeited

   (193,806 )   $ 519.33
        

Unvested at June 30, 2008

   3,599,004     $ 523.85
        

Expected to vest after June 30, 2008 (1)

   3,330,158     $ 523.85

 

(1) Restricted stock units and restricted shares expected to vest reflect an estimated forfeiture rate.

As of June 30, 2008, there was $1,506.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to employee unvested restricted stock units and restricted shares, net of forecasted forfeitures. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.2 years. To the extent the actual forfeiture rate is different from what we have anticipated, stock-based compensation related to these awards will be different from our expectations.

Note 13. Income Taxes

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our uncertain tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes. Financial Standards Accounting Board Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (“FIN 48”) clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (“SFAS 109”), and prescribes a recognition threshold of more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination. Our total unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008 were $387.2 million and $583.7 million. Also, our total unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate were $283.5 million and $437.0 million as of December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008. The increase in our unrecognized tax benefits during the six months ended June 30, 2008 was primarily related to uncertain tax positions on our international structure.

Note 14. Information about Geographic Areas

Our chief operating decision-makers (i.e., our chief executive officer, his direct reports and our presidents) review financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues by geographic region for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. There are no segment managers who are held accountable by our chief operating decision-makers, or anyone else, for operations, operating results and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, we consider ourselves to be in a single reporting segment and operating unit structure.

 

20


Table of Contents

Revenues by geography are based on the billing addresses of the advertisers. The following table sets forth revenues and long-lived assets by geographic area (in thousands):

 

     Three Months Ended    Six Months Ended
     June 30,
2007
   March 31,
2008
   June 30,
2008
   June 30,
2007
   June 30,
2008
     (unaudited)

Revenues:

              

United States

   $ 2,027,942    $ 2,535,474    $ 2,567,024    $ 3,986,324    $ 5,102,498

United Kingdom

     599,514      802,973      773,958      1,177,873      1,576,931

Rest of the world

     1,244,529      1,847,596      2,026,230      2,371,759      3,873,826
                                  

Total revenues

   $ 3,871,985    $ 5,186,043    $ 5,367,212    $ 7,535,956    $ 10,553,255
                                  

 

     As of
December 31,
2007
   As of
June 30,
2008
          (unaudited)

Long-lived assets:

     

United States

   $ 7,334,877    $ 11,540,071

International

     711,791      1,322,878
             

Total long-lived assets

   $ 8,046,668    $ 12,862,949
             

 

21


Table of Contents
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In addition to historical information, this report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements include, among other things, statements concerning our expectations:

 

   

regarding the growth and growth rate of our operations, business, revenues, operating margins, costs and expenses;

 

   

that seasonal fluctuations in internet usage and traditional advertising seasonality are likely to affect our business;

 

   

that growth in advertising revenues from our web sites will continue to exceed that from our Google Network members’ web sites;

 

   

regarding our future stock-based compensation charges;

 

   

regarding our dilution related to all equity grants to employees;

 

   

regarding the steps we take to improve the relevance of the ads we deliver;

 

   

regarding our actions to reduce the number of accidental clicks;

 

   

that we will continue to make significant capital expenditure investments;

 

   

regarding future acquisitions and investments;

 

   

that our cost of revenues and traffic acquisition costs may increase in dollars and as a percentage of revenues;

 

   

regarding the increase of research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses in the future;

 

   

regarding the increase of costs related to hedging activity under our foreign exchange risk management program;

 

   

regarding quarterly fluctuations in paid clicks;

 

   

that we will continue to make investments and acquisitions;

 

   

regarding the sufficiency of our existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and cash generated from operations;

 

   

regarding quarterly fluctuations in our effective tax rate;

 

   

regarding continued investments in international markets;

as well as other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition and prospects and business strategies. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this report, and in particular, the risks discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this report and those discussed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report.

Overview

Google is a global technology leader focused on improving the ways people connect with information. Our innovations in web search and advertising have made our web site a top internet property and our brand one of the most recognized in the world. Our mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful. We serve three primary constituencies:

 

   

Users. We provide users with products and services that enable people to more quickly and easily find, create and organize information that is useful to them.

 

   

Advertisers. We provide advertisers with cost-effective ways to deliver online ads, as well as ads on traditional media such as TV, print and radio, to customers across Google sites and through the Google Network, which is the network of online and offline third parties that use our advertising programs to deliver relevant ads with their search results and content.

 

22


Table of Contents
   

Google Network Members and Other Content Providers. We provide the online and offline members of our Google Network with our Google AdSense programs. These include programs through which we distribute our advertisers’ AdWords ads for display on the web sites of our Google Network members as well as programs to deliver audio ads on radio broadcasts, print ads for display in newspapers and magazines, and ads on television. We share most of the fees these ads generate with our Google Network members, thereby creating an important revenue stream for them. In addition, we have entered into arrangements with other content providers under which we distribute or license their video and other content, and we may display ads next to or as part of this content on the pages of our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites. We share most of the fees these ads generate with these content providers and our Google Network members, thereby creating an important revenue stream for these partners.

How We Generate Revenue

Advertising revenues made up 97% of our revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 99% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007. We derive most of our additional revenues from offering internet ad serving and management services to advertisers and ad agencies, the license of our web search technology and the license of our search solutions to enterprises.

Google AdWords is our automated online program that enables advertisers to place targeted text-based and display ads on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites. Most of our AdWords customers pay us on a cost-per-click basis, which means that an advertiser pays us only when a user clicks on one of its ads. We also offer AdWords on a cost-per-impression basis that enables advertisers to pay us based on the number of times their ads appear on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites as specified by the advertiser. For advertisers using our AdWords cost-per-click pricing, we recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time a user clicks on one of the ads that appears next to the search results on our web sites or next to the search results or content on our Google Network members’ web sites. For advertisers using our AdWords cost-per-impression pricing, we recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time their ads are displayed on the Google Network members’ web sites. Our AdWords agreements are generally terminable at any time by our advertisers.

Google AdSense refers to the online programs through which we distribute our advertisers’ AdWords ads for display on the web sites of our Google Network members as well as programs to deliver audio ads on radio broadcasts, print ads for display in newspapers and magazines, and ads on television broadcasts. Our AdSense programs include AdSense for search and AdSense for content.

AdSense for search is our online service for distributing relevant ads from our advertisers for display with search results on our Google Network members’ sites. To use AdSense for search, most of our AdSense for search partners add Google search functionality to their web pages in the form of customizable Google search boxes. When visitors of these web sites search either the web site or the internet using these customizable search boxes, we display relevant ads on the search results pages, targeted to match user search queries. Ads shown through AdSense for search are text ads.

AdSense for content is our online service for distributing ads from our advertisers that are relevant to content on our Google Network members’ web sites. Under this program, we use automated technology to analyze the meaning of the content on the web site and serve relevant ads based on the meaning of such content. For example, a web page on an automotive blog that contains an entry about vintage cars might display ads for vintage car parts or vintage car shows. These ads are displayed in spaces that our AdSense for content partners have set aside on their web sites. AdSense for content allows a variety of ad types to be shown, including text ads, image ads, Google Video Ads, link units (which are sets of clickable links to topic pages related to page content), themed units (which are regular text ads with graphic treatments that change seasonally and by geography) and gadget ads (which are customized “mini-sites” that run as ads on AdSense publisher web sites).

For our online AdSense program, our advertisers pay us a fee each time a user clicks on one of our advertisers’ ads displayed on our Google Network members’ web sites or, for those advertisers who choose our cost-per-impression pricing, as their ads are displayed. To date, we have paid most of these advertiser fees to the members of the Google Network, and we expect to continue doing so for the foreseeable future. We recognize these advertiser fees as revenue and the portion of the advertiser fee we pay to our Google Network members as traffic acquisition costs under cost of revenues. In some cases, we guarantee our Google Network members minimum revenue share payments based on their achieving defined performance terms, such as number of search queries or advertisements displayed. Members of the Google Network do not pay any fees associated with the use of our AdSense program on their web sites.

 

23


Table of Contents

Our agreements with Google Network members consist largely of uniform online “click-wrap” agreements that members enter into by interacting with our registration web sites. The standard agreements have no stated term and are terminable at will. Agreements with our larger members are individually negotiated. Both the standard agreements and the negotiated agreements contain provisions requiring us to share with the Google Network member most of the advertiser fees generated by users clicking on ads on the Google Network member’s web site or, for advertisers who choose our cost-per-impression pricing, as the ads are displayed on the Google Network member’s web site.

We have entered into arrangements with certain content providers under which we distribute or license their video and other content. Our agreements with content providers are typically standard agreements with no stated term and are terminable at will. Agreements with our larger members are individually negotiated. Both the standard agreements and the negotiated agreements contain provisions requiring us to pay the content providers for the content we license. In a number of these arrangements we display ads on the pages of our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites from which the content is viewed and share most of the fees these ads generate with the content providers and Google Network members. We recognize these advertiser fees as revenue and the portion of the advertiser fees we pay to our content providers as content acquisition costs under cost of revenues. In some cases, we guarantee our content providers minimum revenue share or other payments.

We also distribute our advertisers’ ads for publication in print media through our Google Print Ads program, and we recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers when their ads are published in print media. Additionally, we distribute advertisers’ audio ads for broadcast in radio programs through our Google Audio Ads program, and we recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time an ad is broadcasted or a listener responds to that ad.

In the fourth quarter of 2006, we acquired YouTube, a consumer media company for people to watch and share videos worldwide through the web. We recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time an ad or a promoted video is displayed on the YouTube site.

In the second quarter of 2007, we began delivering Google TV ads to viewers and helping advertisers, operators and programmers buy, schedule, deliver and measure ads on television. We recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time an ad is displayed on TV in accordance with the terms of the related agreements.

In the third quarter of 2007, we acquired Postini, a provider of electronic communications security, compliance, and productivity software. We recognize as licensing and other revenue the fees we charge customers for hosting enterprise applications and services ratably over the term of the service arrangement.

In the first quarter of 2008, we acquired DoubleClick, a company that offers online ad serving and management services to advertisers, ad agencies and web site publishers. Fees derived from hosted, or web-based applications are recognized as licensing and other revenues in the period the advertising impressions are delivered.

We believe the factors that influence the success of our advertising programs include the following:

 

   

The relevance, objectivity and quality of our search results and the relevance and quality of ads displayed with each search results page.

 

   

The number of searches initiated at our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites and the underlying purpose of these searches (for instance, whether they are for academic research, to find a news article, or to find a product or service).

 

   

The number and prominence of ads displayed on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites.

 

   

The number of visits to, and the content of, our Google Network members’ web sites and certain of our web sites and the relevance and quality of the ads we display next to this content.

 

   

The advertisers’ return on investment from advertising campaigns on our web sites or our Google Network members’ web sites compared to other forms of advertising.

 

   

The total advertising spending budgets of each advertiser.

 

   

The number of advertisers and the breadth of items advertised.

 

   

The amount we ultimately pay our Google Network members and our content providers for traffic and content compared to the amount of revenue we generate.

 

   

Our minimum fee per click.

 

24


Table of Contents

Trends in Our Business

Our business has grown rapidly since inception, resulting in substantially increased revenues, and we expect that our business will continue to grow. However, our revenue growth rate has generally declined over time, and we expect it will continue to do so as a result of a number of factors including increasing competition, the difficulty of maintaining growth rates as our revenues increase to higher levels and the increasing maturity of the online advertising market in certain countries. In addition, the main focus of our advertising programs is to provide relevant and useful advertising to our users, reflecting our commitment to constantly improve their overall web experience. As a result, we expect to continue to take steps to improve the relevance of the ads displayed on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites. These steps include not displaying ads that generate low click-through rates or that send users to irrelevant or otherwise low quality sites and terminating our relationships with those Google Network members whose web sites do not meet our quality requirements. In addition, we may continue to take steps to reduce the number of accidental clicks. These steps could negatively affect the growth rate of our revenues.

Both seasonal fluctuations in internet usage and traditional retail seasonality have affected, and are likely to continue to affect, our business. Internet usage generally slows during the summer months, and commercial queries typically increase significantly in the fourth quarter of each year. These seasonal trends have caused and will likely continue to cause, fluctuations in our quarterly results, including fluctuations in sequential revenue and paid click growth rates.

The operating margin we realize on revenues generated from ads placed on our Google Network members’ web sites through our AdSense program is significantly lower than the operating margin we realize from revenues generated from ads placed on our web sites because most of the advertiser fees from ads served on Google Network member web sites are shared with our Google Network members. For the past four years, growth in advertising revenues from our web sites has exceeded that from our Google Network members’ web sites. This trend has had a positive impact on our operating margins, and we expect that this will continue for the foreseeable future, although the relative rate of growth in revenues from our web sites compared to the rate of growth in revenues from our Google Network members’ web sites may vary over time.

We are heavily investing in building the necessary employee and systems infrastructures required to manage our growth and develop and promote our products and services, and this may cause our operating margins to decrease. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience substantial growth in our operations as we build our research and development programs, expand our base of users, advertisers, Google Network members and content providers and increase our presence in international markets. Also, we have acquired and expect to continue to acquire businesses and other assets from time to time. These acquisitions generally enhance the breadth and depth of our expertise in engineering and other functional areas, our technologies and our product offerings. In addition, we are incurring significant costs and expenses to support our Google Checkout product and promote its adoption by merchants and consumers, as well as promote the distribution of certain other products, including the Google Toolbar. Our full-time employee headcount has significantly increased over the last 12 months, growing from 13,786 at June 30, 2007 to 19,604 at June 30, 2008, including approximately 1,500 new employees as a result of our acquisition of DoubleClick. We also utilize a significant number of temporary employees. We also expect to continue to make significant capital expenditure investments in, among other things, information and technology infrastructure and corporate facilities.

We expect our cost of revenues to continue to increase in dollars and may increase as a percentage of revenues in 2008 and in future periods, primarily as a result of forecasted increases in traffic acquisition costs, data center costs and credit card and other transaction fees, as well as content acquisition costs. In particular, traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of advertising revenues may increase in the future if we are unable to continue to improve the monetization or generation of revenue from traffic on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites, particularly with those members to whom we have guaranteed minimum revenue share payments.

Our international revenues grew as a percentage of our total revenues to 52% in the three months ended June 30, 2008 from 51% in the three months ended March 31, 2008 and from 48% in the three months ended June 30, 2007. This increase in the portion of our revenues derived from international markets results largely from increased acceptance of our advertising programs, increases in our direct sales resources and customer support operations, and our continued progress in developing localized versions of our products in these international markets, as well as an increase in the value of the Euro, the Japanese yen and other foreign currencies compared to the U.S. dollar over these periods. The increase in the proportion of international revenues increases our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency to U.S. dollar exchange rates.

 

25


Table of Contents

Results of Operations

The following table presents our historical operating results as a percentage of revenues for the periods indicated (unaudited):

 

     Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
     June 30,
2007
    March 31,
2008
    June 30,
2008
    June 30,
2007
    June 30,
2008
 

Consolidated Statements of Income Data:

          

Revenues

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %

Costs and expenses:

          

Cost of revenues

   40.3     40.7     40.0     40.2     40.4  

Research and development

   13.7     13.0     12.7     12.5     12.8  

Sales and marketing

   9.2     8.6     9.0     8.7     8.8  

General and administrative

   8.2     7.9     8.9     7.7     8.4  
                              

Total costs and expenses

   71.4     70.2     70.6     69.1     70.4  
                              

Income from operations

   28.6     29.8     29.4     30.9     29.6  

Interest income and other, net

   3.5     3.2     1.1     3.5     2.1  
                              

Income before income taxes

   32.1     33.0     30.5     34.4     31.7  

Provision for income taxes

   8.2     7.8     7.3     8.8     7.5  
                              

Net income

   23.9 %   25.2 %   23.2 %   25.6 %   24.2 %
                              

Revenues

The following table presents our revenues, by revenue source, for the periods presented (in millions, unaudited):

 

     Three Months Ended    Six Months Ended
     June 30,
2007
   March 31,
2008
   June 30,
2008
   June 30,
2007
   June 30,
2008

Advertising revenues:

              

Google web sites

   $ 2,486.3    $ 3,400.4    $ 3,530.1    $ 4,768.4    $ 6,930.6

Google Network web sites

     1,352.1      1,686.1      1,655.3      2,697.4      3,341.4
                                  

Total advertising revenues

     3,838.4      5,086.5      5,185.4      7,465.8      10,272.0

Licensing and other revenues

     33.6      99.5      181.8      70.2      281.3
                                  

Revenues

   $ 3,872.0    $ 5,186.0    $ 5,367.2    $ 7,536.0    $ 10,553.3
                                  

The following table presents our revenues, by revenue source, as a percentage of total revenues for the periods presented (unaudited):

 

     Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
     June 30,
2007
   <