Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2009

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number: 000-50726

 

 

Google Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   77-0493581

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

1600 Amphitheatre Parkway

Mountain View, CA 94043

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(650) 253-0000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  x                Accelerated filer  ¨

Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  ¨    Smaller reporting company  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

At July 31, 2009, there were 241,971,977 shares of Google’s Class A common stock outstanding and 74,599,324 shares of Google’s Class B common stock outstanding.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

GOOGLE INC.

INDEX

 

          Page No.
     PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION     

Item 1

   Financial Statements   
   Consolidated Balance Sheets—December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009 (unaudited)    3
   Consolidated Statements of Income—Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 and 2009 (unaudited)    4
   Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 and 2009 (unaudited)    5
   Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)    6

Item 2

   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    26

Item 3

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    41

Item 4

   Controls and Procedures    43
   PART II. OTHER INFORMATION   

Item 1

   Legal Proceedings    44

Item 1A

   Risk Factors    44

Item 2

   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds    56

Item 4

   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    57

Item 6

   Exhibits    58
   Signatures    59
   Exhibit Index    60
   Certifications   

 

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GOOGLE INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value per share)

 

     As of
December 31,
2008
   As of
June 30,
2009
          (unaudited)

Assets

     

Current assets:

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 8,656,672    $ 11,911,351

Marketable securities

     7,189,099      7,432,655

Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $80,086 and $93,025

     2,642,192      2,701,912

Deferred income taxes, net

     286,105      575,976

Income taxes receivable, net

     —        145,843

Prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets

     1,404,114      1,067,116
             

Total current assets

     20,178,182      23,834,853

Prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets, non-current

     433,846      406,136

Deferred income taxes, net, non-current

     —        124,647

Non-marketable equity securities

     85,160      93,925

Property and equipment, net

     5,233,843      5,005,900

Intangible assets, net

     996,690      856,386

Goodwill

     4,839,854      4,836,913
             

Total assets

   $ 31,767,575    $ 35,158,760
             

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

     

Current liabilities:

     

Accounts payable

   $ 178,004    $ 221,914

Accrued compensation and benefits

     811,643      589,862

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

     480,263      411,226

Accrued revenue share

     532,547      550,199

Deferred revenue

     218,084      227,761

Income taxes payable, net

     81,549      —  
             

Total current liabilities

     2,302,090      2,000,962

Deferred revenue, non-current

     29,818      31,675

Income taxes payable, net, non-current

     890,115      1,232,984

Deferred income taxes, net, non-current

     12,515      —  

Other long-term liabilities

     294,175      298,283

Stockholders’ equity:

     

Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding

     —        —  

Class A and Class B common stock, $0.001 par value: 9,000,000 shares authorized; 315,114 (Class A 240,073, Class B 75,041) and par value of $315 (Class A $240, Class B $75) and 316,422 (Class A 241,785, Class B 74,637) and par value of $316 (Class A $242, Class B $74) shares issued and outstanding, excluding 26 and 2 Class A shares subject to repurchase at December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009

     315      316

Additional paid-in capital

     14,450,338      15,044,103

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     226,579      81,434

Retained earnings

     13,561,630      16,469,003
             

Total stockholders’ equity

     28,238,862      31,594,856
             

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 31,767,575    $ 35,158,760
             

See accompanying notes.

 

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GOOGLE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2008    2009     2008    2009  
     (unaudited)  

Revenues

   $ 5,367,212    $ 5,522,897      $ 10,553,255    $ 11,031,887   

Costs and expenses:

          

Cost of revenues (including stock-based compensation expense of $9,363, $13,592, $18,511 and $26,129)

     2,147,575      2,107,971        4,258,111      4,209,475   

Research and development (including stock-based compensation expense of $187,281, $182,209, $381,081 and $350,770)

     682,210      707,626        1,355,279      1,349,269   

Sales and marketing (including stock-based compensation expense of $42,593, $57,294, $85,169 and $116,320)

     484,552      469,039        931,450      902,980   

General and administrative (including stock-based compensation expense of $33,539, $39,975, $68,794 and $77,334)

     474,910      364,367        884,215      812,678   
                              

Total costs and expenses

     3,789,247      3,649,003        7,429,055      7,274,402   
                              

Income from operations

     1,577,965      1,873,894        3,124,200      3,757,485   

Interest and other income (expense), net

     57,923      (17,718     225,266      (11,508
                              

Income before income taxes

     1,635,888      1,856,176        3,349,466      3,745,977   

Provision for income taxes

     388,497      371,631        794,989      838,604   
                              

Net income

   $ 1,247,391    $ 1,484,545      $ 2,554,477    $ 2,907,373   
                              

Net income per share of Class A and Class B common stock:

          

Basic

   $ 3.97    $ 4.70      $ 8.15    $ 9.21   
                              

Diluted

   $ 3.92    $ 4.66      $ 8.04    $ 9.15   
                              

See accompanying notes.

 

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GOOGLE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

 

     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2008     2009  
     (unaudited)  

Operating activities

    

Net income

   $ 2,554,477      $ 2,907,373   

Adjustments:

    

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment

     589,280        632,111   

Amortization of intangibles and other

     138,851        148,068   

Stock-based compensation expense

     553,555        570,553   

Excess tax benefits from stock-based award activities

     (94,979     (36,359

Deferred income taxes

     (105,890     (114,431

Other, net

     (24,658     (23,087

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:

    

Accounts receivable

     (296,376     (41,728

Income taxes, net

     528,359        (63,518

Prepaid revenue share, expenses and other assets

     (182,803     87,795   

Accounts payable

     39,237        41,815   

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

     (147,251     (281,167

Accrued revenue share

     (16,450     19,123   

Deferred revenue

     10,248        12,136   
                

Net cash provided by operating activities

     3,545,600        3,858,684   
                

Investing activities

    

Purchases of property and equipment

     (1,539,114     (402,192

Purchases of marketable securities

     (4,921,310     (10,635,567

Maturities and sales of marketable securities

     7,416,559        10,435,309   

Investments in non-marketable equity securities

     (9,492     (28,431

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and purchases of intangible and other assets

     (3,312,270     (5,093
                

Net cash used in investing activities

     (2,365,627     (635,974
                

Financing activities

    

Net proceeds (payments) related to stock-based award activities

     (22,746     9,995   

Excess tax benefits from stock-based award activities

     94,979        36,359   
                

Net cash provided by financing activities

     72,233        46,354   
                

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     29,737        (14,385
                

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

     1,281,943        3,254,679   

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

     6,081,593        8,656,672   
                

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 7,363,536      $ 11,911,351   
                

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information

    

Cash paid for income taxes

   $ 378,550      $ 1,013,431   
                

See accompanying notes.

 

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GOOGLE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Google Inc. and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

We were incorporated in California in September 1998. We were re-incorporated in the State of Delaware in August 2003. We provide highly targeted advertising and global internet search solutions as well as intranet solutions via an enterprise search appliance.

Basis of Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Google and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2009, the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009, and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009 are unaudited. These unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In our opinion, the unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position as of June 30, 2009, our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009, and our cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2009.

These unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in our 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 13, 2009.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of interim Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to accounts receivable and sales allowances, fair values of financial instruments, fair values of prepaid revenue share, intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, fair values of stock-based awards, and income taxes, among others. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value because of their generally short maturities.

Subsequent Events

We evaluated subsequent events through August 4, 2009, the date this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Effect of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 165, Subsequent Events (SFAS 165), which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. SFAS 165 also requires the disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events and whether that evaluation date represents the date the financial statements were issued or were available to be issued. We adopted SFAS 165 in the second quarter of 2009 and the adoption did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

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In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 167, Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) (SFAS 167), which changes the consolidation rules as they relate to variable interest entities. Specifically, SFAS 167 makes significant changes to the model for determining who should consolidate a variable interest entity, and also addresses how often this assessment should be performed. SFAS 167 will be effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2010. We do not expect the adoption will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 2. Net Income Per Share of Class A and Class B Common Stock

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share of Class A and Class B common stock (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

     For the Three Months Ended June 30,     For the Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2008     2009     2008     2009  
     (unaudited)  
     Class A     Class B     Class A     Class B     Class A     Class B     Class A     Class B  

Basic net income per share:

                

Numerator:

                

Allocation of undistributed earnings

   $ 947,389      $ 300,002      $ 1,133,204      $ 351,341      $ 1,935,792      $ 618,685      $ 2,217,731      $ 689,642   

Denominator:

                

Weighted-average common shares outstanding

     238,481        75,481        241,143        74,763        237,748        75,935        240,731        74,856   

Less: Weighted average unvested common shares subject to repurchase or cancellation

     (138     (7     (5     —          (197     (13     (11     —     
                                                                

Number of shares used in per share computation

     238,343        75,474        241,138        74,763        237,551        75,922        240,720        74,856   
                                                                

Basic net income per share

   $ 3.97      $ 3.97      $ 4.70      $ 4.70      $ 8.15      $ 8.15      $ 9.21      $ 9.21   
                                                                

Diluted net income per share:

                

Numerator:

                

Allocation of undistributed earnings for basic computation

   $ 947,389      $ 300,002      $ 1,133,204      $ 351,341      $ 1,935,792      $ 618,685      $ 2,217,731      $ 689,642   

Reallocation of undistributed earnings as a result of conversion of Class B to Class A shares

     300,002        —          351,341        —          618,685        —          689,642        —     

Reallocation of undistributed earnings to Class B shares

     —          (2,889     —          (2,571     —          (5,738     —          (4,245
                                                                

Allocation of undistributed earnings

   $ 1,247,391      $ 297,113      $ 1,484,545      $ 348,770      $ 2,554,477      $ 612,947      $ 2,907,373      $ 685,397   

Denominator:

                

Number of shares used in basic computation

     238,343        75,474        241,138        74,763        237,551        75,922        240,720        74,856   

Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities

                

Add:

                

Conversion of Class B to Class A common shares outstanding

     75,474        —          74,763        —          75,922        —          74,856        —     

Unvested common shares subject to repurchase or cancellation

     145        7        5        —          210        13        11        —     

Employee stock options including warrants issued under TSO program (see Note 11)

     3,269        268        2,116        72        3,256        299        1,941        82   

Restricted shares and restricted stock units

     792        —          514        —          769        —          350        —     
                                                                

Number of shares used in per share computation

     318,023        75,749        318,536        74,835        317,708        76,234        317,878        74,938   
                                                                

Diluted net income per share

   $ 3.92      $ 3.92      $ 4.66      $ 4.66      $ 8.04      $ 8.04      $ 9.15      $ 9.15   
                                                                

 

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The net income per share amounts were the same for Class A and Class B because the holders of each class are legally entitled to equal per share distributions whether through dividends or in liquidation.

Note 3. Cash and Investments

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     As of
December 31,
2008
   As of
June 30,
2009
          (unaudited)

Cash and cash equivalents:

     

Cash

   $ 3,330,658    $ 3,564,341

Cash equivalents:

     

U.S. government agencies

     —        399,960

Municipal securities

     14,250      —  

Time deposits

     3,015,557      4,034,294

Money market mutual funds

     2,296,207      3,912,756
             

Total cash and cash equivalents

     8,656,672      11,911,351
             

Marketable securities:

     

U.S. government agencies

     3,342,406      3,273,384

Municipal securities

     2,721,603      1,996,831

Money market mutual funds

     73,034      34,636

Corporate debt securities

     907,056      1,664,601

Agency residential mortgage-backed securities

     —        252,232

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

     —        48,324

Marketable equity security

     145,000      162,647
             

Total marketable securities

     7,189,099      7,432,655
             

Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities

   $ 15,845,771    $ 19,344,006
             

 

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The following table summarizes unrealized gains and losses related to our investments in marketable securities designated as available-for-sale (in thousands):

 

     As of December 31, 2008
     Adjusted
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value

U.S. government agencies

   $ 3,324,750    $ 17,747    $ (91   $ 3,342,406

Municipal securities

     2,690,270      34,685      (3,352     2,721,603

Money market mutual funds

     73,034      —        —          73,034

Corporate debt securities

     903,963      3,265      (172     907,056

Marketable equity security

     145,000      —        —          145,000
                            

Total

   $ 7,137,017    $ 55,697    $ (3,615   $ 7,189,099
                            
     As of June 30, 2009
     Adjusted
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value
     (unaudited)

U.S. government agencies

   $ 3,264,275    $ 9,109    $ —        $ 3,273,384

Municipal securities

     1,971,519      25,851      (539     1,996,831

Money market mutual funds

     34,636      —        —          34,636

Corporate debt securities

     1,660,538      4,687      (624     1,664,601

Agency residential mortgage-backed securities

     252,974      376      (1,118     252,232

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

     47,898      426      —          48,324

Marketable equity security

     145,000      17,647      —          162,647
                            

Total

   $ 7,376,840    $ 58,096    $ (2,281   $ 7,432,655
                            

Time deposits were held by institutions outside the U.S. at December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009. Gross unrealized gains and losses on cash equivalents were not material at December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009.

Our corporate debt securities are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the United States government under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (TLGP) or the sovereign guarantee of foreign governments under similar programs to the TLGP.

Our agency residential mortgage-backed securities are specified pools of mortgage pass-through securities that are guaranteed by government-sponsored enterprises. Our commercial mortgage-backed securities are fully defeased securities with underlying collateral loans replaced by U.S. Treasury notes.

We recognized gross realized gains of $8.1 million and $19.6 million on the sale of our marketable securities for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009. We recognized gross realized gains of $58.9 million and $53.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009. Gross realized losses were not material in all periods presented. Realized gains or losses on the sale of marketable securities are determined on a specific identification method, and such gains and losses are reflected as a component of interest and other income (expense), net, in our accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

 

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The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of our investments in marketable securities, excluding the marketable equity security, designated as available-for-sale classified by the contractual maturity date of the security (in thousands):

 

     As of
June 30,
2009
     (unaudited)

Due within 1 year

   $ 1,766,119

Due within 1 year through 5 years

     3,616,321

Due within 5 years through 10 years

     669,002

Due after 10 years

     1,218,566
      

Total

   $ 7,270,008
      

In accordance with FASB Staff Position (FSP) FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments, which amends the recognition guidance for other-than-temporary impairments (OTTI) of debt securities and expands the financial statement disclosure for OTTI on debt and equity securities, the following tables present gross unrealized losses and fair values for those investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands):

 

     As of December 31, 2008  
     Less than 12 Months     Total  

Security Description

   Fair Value    Unrealized
Loss
    Fair Value    Unrealized
Loss
 

U.S. government agencies

   $ 183,054    $ (91   $ 183,054    $ (91

Municipal securities

     274,042      (3,352     274,042      (3,352

Corporate debt securities

     199,828      (172     199,828      (172
                              

Total

   $ 656,924    $ (3,615   $ 656,924    $ (3,615
                              
     As of June 30, 2009  
     Less than 12 Months     Total  

Security Description

   Fair Value    Unrealized
Loss
    Fair Value    Unrealized
Loss
 
     (unaudited)  

Municipal securities

   $ 236,590    $ (539   $ 236,590    $ (539

Corporate debt securities

     325,544      (624     325,544      (624

Agency residential mortgage-backed securities

     151,614      (1,118     151,614      (1,118
                              

Total

   $ 713,748    $ (2,281   $ 713,748    $ (2,281
                              

As of December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009, we did not have any investments in marketable securities that were in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or greater.

 

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Auction Rate Securities

At June 30, 2009, we held $193.7 million of auction rate securities (ARS). The assets underlying these 35 individual investments are primarily student loans which are mostly AAA rated and substantially guaranteed by the U.S. government under the Federal Family Education Loan Program. Historically, these securities have provided liquidity through a Dutch auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at pre-determined intervals every 7 to 49 days. However, these auctions began to fail in the first quarter of 2008. Since these auctions have failed, we have realized higher interest rates for many of these ARS than we would have otherwise. Although we have been receiving interest payments at these generally higher rates, the related principal amounts will not be accessible until a successful auction occurs, a buyer is found outside of the auction process, the issuer calls the security, or the security matures according to contractual terms. Maturity dates for these ARS investments range from 2025 to 2047. Since these auctions have failed, $49.9 million of the related securities were called at par by their issuers.

As a result of the auction failures, these ARS do not have a readily determinable market value. To estimate their fair values at June 30, 2009, we used a discounted cash flow model based on estimated interest rates, timing and amount of cash flows, the credit quality of the underlying securities and illiquidity considerations. Specifically, we estimated the future cash flows of our ARS over the expected workout periods using a projected weighted average interest rate of 5.2% per annum, which is based on the forward swap curve at the end of June 2009 plus any additional basis points currently paid by the issuers assuming these auctions continue to fail. A discount factor was applied over these estimated cash flows of our ARS, which is calculated based on the interpolated forward swap curve adjusted by up to 2,000 basis points to reflect the current market conditions for instruments with similar credit quality at the date of the valuation and additionally adjusted for a liquidity discount of up to 400 basis points to reflect the risk in the marketplace for these investments that has arisen due to the lack of an active market.

At June 30, 2009, the estimated fair values of these ARS were $26.8 million ($15.9 million, net of tax effect) less than their costs. Based on FSP SFAS 115-2, as we have no intent to sell and it is more-likely-than-not that we will not be required to sell these ARS prior to recovery, we concluded the decline in fair values was temporary and recorded the unrealized loss to accumulated other comprehensive income on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2009.

To the extent we determine that any impairment is other-than-temporary, we would record a charge to earnings. In addition, we have concluded that the auctions for these securities may continue to fail for at least the next 12 months and as a result, they have been classified as non-current assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2009.

 

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Liquidation of Investment in Non-Marketable Equity Security

We recognized a gain of $9.0 million on the sale of our equity investment in America Online, Inc. to Time Warner Inc. for $283.0 million. We received the related cash proceeds in July 2009.

Note 4. Derivative Financial Instruments

We enter into foreign currency contracts with financial institutions to reduce the risk that our cash flows and earnings will be adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Our program is not designated for trading or speculative purposes.

In accordance with SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (SFAS 133), we recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of the derivatives are recorded in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income as interest and other income (expense), net, as part of revenues, or to accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Cash Flow Hedges

We use options designated as cash flow hedges to hedge certain forecasted revenue transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Any gain on the effective portion of a cash flow hedge is initially reported as a component of AOCI and subsequently reclassified to revenues when the hedged revenues are recorded or as interest and other income (expense), net, if the hedged transaction becomes probable of not occurring.

At June 30, 2009, the effective portion of our cash flow hedges before tax effect was $50.0 million, all of which is expected to be reclassified from AOCI to revenues within the next 12 months.

Any gain after a hedge is de-designated because the hedged transaction is no longer probable of occurring or related to an ineffective portion of a hedge is recognized in interest and other income (expense), net, immediately. Further, the change in the time value of the options is excluded from our assessment of hedge effectiveness. The premium paid or time value of an option whose strike price is equal to or greater than the market price on the date of purchase is recorded as an asset. Thereafter, any change to this time value is included in interest and other income (expense), net.

The notional principal of foreign exchange contracts to purchase U.S. dollars with Euros was 1.9 billion (or approximately $2.6 billion) and 2.2 billion (or approximately $2.8 billion) at December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009; the notional principal of foreign exchange contracts to purchase U.S. dollars with British pounds was §1.1 billion (or approximately $1.8 billion) and §1.1 billion (or approximately $1.6 billion) at December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009; and the notional principal of foreign exchange contracts to purchase U.S. dollars with Canadian dollars was C$229.7 million (or approximately $202.2 million) and C$276.2 million (or approximately $228.3 million) at December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009. These foreign exchange options have maturities of 18 months or less. There were no other foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges.

Other Derivatives

Other derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under SFAS 133 consist of forward contracts that we use to hedge intercompany balances and other monetary assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the local currency of a subsidiary. Gains and losses on these contracts as well as the related costs are included in interest and other income (expense), net, along with the gains and losses of the related hedged items. Costs incurred related to these contracts during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009 were not material. The notional principal of foreign exchange contracts to purchase U.S. dollars with foreign currencies was $2.6 billion and $2.1 billion at December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009. The notional principal of foreign exchange contracts to sell U.S. dollars for foreign currencies was $54.2 million and $158.9 million at December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009. The notional principal of foreign exchange contracts to purchase Euros with other currencies was 630.5 million (or approximately $897.6 million) and 477.2 million (or approximately $671.4 million) at December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009. The notional principal of foreign exchange contracts to sell Euros for other currencies was 1.5 million (or approximately $2.2 million) at June 30, 2009.

 

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Effective January 1, 2009, we adopted the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (SFAS 161). At December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009, the fair values of our outstanding derivative instruments are summarized below (in thousands):

 

          Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
     Balance Sheet Location    As of December 31,
2008
   As of June 30,
2009
               (unaudited)

Derivative Assets

        

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under SFAS 133:

        

Foreign exchange option contracts

   Prepaid revenue
share, expenses and
other assets, current
and non-current
   $ 451,723    $ 121,600

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under SFAS 133:

        

Foreign exchange forward contracts

   Prepaid revenue
share, expenses and
other assets, current
     13,270      324
                

Total

      $ 464,993    $ 121,924
                

Derivative Liabilities

        

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under SFAS 133:

        

Foreign exchange forward contracts

   Accrued expenses
and other current
liabilities
   $ 877    $ 204
                

Total

      $ 877    $ 204
                

 

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The effect of derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationship on income and other comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009 is summarized below (in thousands):

 

Derivatives in SFAS 133 Cash Flow Hedging Relationship

   Increase (Decrease) in Gains Recognized in AOCI on
Derivative Before Tax Effect (Effective Portion)
 
     Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2008    2009     2008    2009  
     (unaudited)  

Foreign exchange option contracts

   $ 5,160    $ (164,402   $ 5,312    $ (26,452
                              

Total

   $ 5,160    $ (164,402   $ 5,312    $ (26,452
                              

 

Derivatives in SFAS 133 Cash Flow Hedging Relationship

   Gains Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
          Three Months Ended June 30,    Six Months Ended June 30,
     Location    2008    2009    2008    2009
          (unaudited)

Foreign exchange option contracts

   Revenue    $ 4,760    $ 123,701    $ 4,855    $ 277,786
                              

Total

      $ 4,760    $ 123,701    $ 4,855    $ 277,786
                              

 

Derivatives in SFAS 133 Cash Flow Hedging Relationship

   Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Ineffective
Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) from
AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) 1
 
         Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     Location   2008     2009     2008     2009  
         (unaudited)  

Foreign exchange option contracts

   Interest and
other income
(expense), net
  $ (27,011   $ (92,817   $ (28,639   $ (192,796
                                  

Total

     $ (27,011   $ (92,817   $ (28,639   $ (192,796
                                  

 

1

Amount of gains (losses) recognized in income on derivatives includes losses of $27.4 million and $29.0 million related to the amount excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, and $91.8 million and $192.4 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2009. Gains (losses) related to the ineffectiveness portion of the hedges were not material in all periods presented.

The effect of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009 is summarized below (in thousands):

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging

Instruments under SFAS 133

   Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income on Derivative  
         Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     Location   2008    2009     2008     2009  
         (unaudited)  

Foreign exchange forward contracts

   Interest and
other income
(expense), net
  $ 13,657    $ (146,003   $ (85,943   $ (33,386
                                 

Total

     $ 13,657    $ (146,003   $ (85,943   $ (33,386
                                 

 

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Note 5. Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurement (SFAS 157), we measure our cash equivalents, marketable securities, ARS and foreign currency derivative contracts at fair value. SFAS 157 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, SFAS 157 establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2—Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activities.

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

Our cash equivalents and marketable securities are classified within Level 1 or Level 2. This is because our cash equivalents and marketable securities are valued using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs. Our investments in ARS are classified within Level 3 because they are valued using valuation techniques (see Note 3). Some of the inputs to these models are unobservable in the market and are significant. Our foreign currency derivative contracts are classified within Level 2 as the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable data of similar instruments.

 

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Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

 

          Fair value measurement at reporting date using

Description

   As of
December 31,
2008
   Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
   Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)

Assets

           

Cash equivalents:

           

Municipal securities

   $ 14,250    $ —      $ 14,250    $ —  

Time deposits

     3,015,557      —        3,015,557      —  

Money market mutual funds

     2,296,207      2,296,207      —        —  

Marketable securities:

           

U.S. government agencies

     3,342,406      —        3,342,406      —  

Municipal securities

     2,721,603      —        2,721,603      —  

Money market mutual funds

     73,034      —        73,034      —  

Corporate debt securities

     907,056      —        907,056      —  

Marketable equity security

     145,000      145,000      —        —  

Foreign currency derivative contracts

     464,993      —        464,993      —  

Auction rate securities

     197,361      —        —        197,361
                           

Total

   $ 13,177,467    $ 2,441,207    $ 10,538,899    $ 197,361
                           

Liabilities

           

Foreign currency derivative contracts

   $ 877    $ —      $ 877    $ —  
                           

Total

   $ 877    $ —      $ 877    $ —  
                           

 

          Fair value measurement at reporting date using

Description

   As of
June 30,

2009
   Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
   Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
     (unaudited)

Assets

           

Cash equivalents:

           

U.S. government agencies

   $ 399,960    $ —      $ 399,960    $ —  

Time deposits

     4,034,294      —        4,034,294      —  

Money market mutual funds

     3,912,756      3,912,756      —        —  

Marketable securities:

           

U.S. government agencies

     3,273,384      —        3,273,384      —  

Municipal securities

     1,996,831      —        1,996,831      —  

Money market mutual funds

     34,636      —        34,636      —  

Corporate debt securities

     1,664,601      —        1,664,601      —  

Agency residential mortgage-backed securities

     252,232      —        252,232      —  

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

     48,324      —        48,324      —  

Marketable equity security

     162,647      162,647      —        —  

Foreign currency derivative contracts

     121,924      —        121,924      —  

Auction rate securities

     193,725      —        —        193,725
                           

Total

   $ 16,095,314    $ 4,075,403    $ 11,826,186    $ 193,725
                           

Liabilities

           

Foreign currency derivative contracts

   $ 204    $ —      $ 204    $ —  
                           

Total

   $ 204    $ —      $ 204    $ —  
                           

 

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The following tables present reconciliations for our assets measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as defined in SFAS 157 for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009 (in thousands):

 

     Level 3  
     (unaudited)  

Balance at December 31, 2007

   $ —     

Transfers to Level 3

     311,225   

Change in unrealized loss included in other comprehensive income

     (18,853

Net settlements

     (50,531
        

Balance at June 30, 2008

   $ 241,841   
        
     Level 3  
     (unaudited)  

Balance at December 31, 2008

   $ 197,361   

Change in unrealized loss included in other comprehensive income

     8,687   

Net settlements

     (12,323
        

Balance at June 30, 2009

   $ 193,725   
        

Note 6. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     As of
December 31,
2008
   As of
June 30,
2009
          (unaudited)

Information technology assets

   $ 3,573,499    $ 3,840,838

Construction in progress

     1,643,136      1,502,081

Land and buildings

     1,725,336      1,898,468

Leasehold improvements

     572,908      600,302

Furniture and fixtures

     61,462      63,839
             

Total

     7,576,341      7,905,528

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

     2,342,498      2,899,628
             

Property and equipment, net

   $ 5,233,843    $ 5,005,900
             

Note 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2009 were as follows (in thousands, unaudited):

 

Balance as of December 31, 2008

   $  4,839,854   

Goodwill adjustment

     (2,941
        

Balance as of June 30, 2009

   $ 4,836,913   
        

 

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Information regarding our acquisition-related intangible assets that are being amortized is as follows (in thousands):

 

     As of December 31, 2008
     Gross
Carrying
Amount
   Accumulated
Amortization
   Net
Carrying
Value

Patents and developed technology

   $ 551,332    $ 297,428    $ 253,904

Customer relationships

     800,113      153,516      646,597

Tradenames and other

     209,492      113,303      96,189
                    

Total

   $ 1,560,937    $ 564,247    $ 996,690
                    
     As of June 30, 2009
     Gross
Carrying
Amount
   Accumulated
Amortization
   Net
Carrying
Value
     (unaudited)

Patents and developed technology

   $ 539,952    $ 338,325    $ 201,627

Customer relationships

     774,713      197,881      576,832

Tradenames and other

     206,207      128,280      77,927
                    

Total

   $ 1,520,872    $ 664,486    $ 856,386
                    

Amortization expense of acquisition-related intangible assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 was $80.0 million and $135.0 million and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 was $64.5 million and $142.7 million. As of June 30, 2009, expected amortization expense for acquisition-related intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter was as follows (in thousands, unaudited):

 

Remainder of 2009

   $  120,990

2010

     218,891

2011

     170,495

2012

     132,046

2013

     105,817

2014

     95,852

Thereafter

     12,295
      
   $ 856,386
      

Note 8. Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net

The components of interest and other income (expense), net, were as follows (in thousands):

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
     2008     2009     2008    2009
     (unaudited)

Interest income

   $ 88,086      $ 50,017      $ 210,089      $116,109

Realized gains on marketable securities, net

     7,252        18,382        53,823      50,146

Foreign exchange losses, net

     (42,733     (83,701     (41,007   (174,621)

Other

     5,318        (2,416     2,361      (3,142)
                            

Interest and other income (expense), net

   $ 57,923      $ (17,718   $ 225,266      $(11,508)
                            

 

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Note 9. Comprehensive Income

The changes in the components of other comprehensive income, net of taxes, were as follows (in thousands):

 

    Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
    2008     2009     2008     2009  
    (unaudited)  

Net income

  $ 1,247,391      $ 1,484,545      $ 2,554,477      $ 2,907,373   

Change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net of taxes(1)

    (23,283     (2,452     (33,091     7,212   

Change in cumulative translation adjustment

    8,648        85,779        38,434        27,940   

Change in unrealized gains on cash flow hedges, net of taxes(2)

    400        (170,713     465        (180,297
                               

Comprehensive income

  $ 1,233,156      $ 1,397,159      $ 2,560,285      $ 2,762,228   
                               

 

(1)

Change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities is recorded net of taxes of $16.2 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009, and $23.0 million and $5.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009.

(2)

Change in unrealized gains on cash flow hedges is recorded net of taxes of $0.3 million and $118.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009, and $0.3 million and $125.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009.

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes, were as follows (in thousands):

 

     As of
December 31,
2008
   As of
June 30,
2009
          (unaudited)

Unrealized net gains on marketable securities, net of taxes

   $ 9,995    $ 17,207

Cumulative translation adjustment

     6,677      34,617

Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges, net of taxes

     209,907      29,610
             

Accumulated other comprehensive income

   $ 226,579    $ 81,434
             

Note 10. Contingencies

Legal Matters

Companies have filed trademark infringement and related claims against us over the display of ads in response to user queries that include trademark terms. The outcomes of these lawsuits have differed from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. We currently have three cases pending at the European Court of Justice, which will address questions regarding whether advertisers and search engines can be held liable for use of trademarked terms in keyword advertising. We are litigating, or have recently litigated similar issues in other cases, in the U.S., Australia, Austria, Brazil, Chile, China, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, and Taiwan.

We have also had copyright claims filed against us alleging that features of certain of our products and services, including Google Web Search, Google News, Google Video, Google Image Search, Google Book Search, and YouTube, infringe the rights of others. Adverse results in these lawsuits may include awards of substantial monetary damages, costly royalty or licensing agreements or orders preventing us from offering certain functionalities, and may also result in a change in our business practices, which could result in a loss of revenues for us or otherwise harm our business. In addition, any time one of our products or services links to or hosts material in which others allegedly own copyrights, we face the risk of being sued for copyright infringement or related claims. Because these products and services comprise the majority of our products and services, our business could be harmed in the event of an adverse result in any of these claims.

We have also had patent lawsuits filed against us alleging that certain of our products and services, including Google Web Search, Google AdWords, Google AdSense, Google Talk, and Google Chrome, infringe patents held by others. In addition, the number of demands for license fees and the dollar amounts associated with each request continue

 

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to increase. Adverse results in these lawsuits, or our decision to license patents based upon these demands, may result in substantial costs and, in the case of adverse litigation results, could prevent us from offering certain features, functionalities, products, or services, which could result in a loss of revenues for us or otherwise harm our business.

We are also a party to other litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business, including intellectual property claims (in addition to the trademark and copyright matters noted above), labor and employment claims and threatened claims, breach of contract claims, tax, and other matters.

Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of the matters discussed above will not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

EPA Investigation

In February 2009, we learned of a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) investigation into an alleged release of refrigerant at one of our smaller data facilities, which we acquired from DoubleClick, and the accuracy of related statements and records. We are cooperating with the EPA and have provided documents and other materials. The EPA investigation could result in fines, civil or criminal penalties, or other administrative action.

We currently believe this matter will not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Income Taxes

We are currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Service and various other tax authorities. We have reserved for potential adjustments to our provision for income taxes that may result from examinations by, or any negotiated agreements with, these tax authorities, and we believe that the final outcome of these examinations or agreements will not have a material effect on our results of operations. If events occur which indicate payment of these amounts is unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in the recognition of tax benefits in the period we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If our estimates of the federal, state, and foreign income tax liabilities are less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result.

Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity

The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the stock options granted (excluding options granted in connection with the Exchange, see below) in the periods presented:

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2008     2009     2008     2009  
     (unaudited)  

Risk-free interest rate

     3.0     2.4     2.9     2.1

Expected volatility

     36     38     35     40

Expected life (in years)

     5.3        6.2        5.3        5.7   

Dividend yield

     —          —          —          —     

Weighted-average estimated fair value of options granted during the period

   $ 197.26      $ 161.84      $ 235.51      $ 130.13   

 

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The following table summarizes the activities for our options for the six months ended June 30, 2009:

 

     Options Outstanding
     Number of
Shares
    Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
   Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in years)
   Aggregate
Intrinsic

Value
(in millions) (1)
     (unaudited)

Balance at December 31, 2008

   13,971,438      $ 391.40      

Options granted (2)

   8,164,343      $ 308.78      

Exercised (3)

   (853,262   $ 120.27      

Canceled/forfeited (2)

   (8,161,007   $ 514.24      
              

Balance at June 30, 2009

   13,121,512      $ 281.55    6.7    $ 1,878.0
              

Vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2009

   4,482,824      $ 220.80    5.7    $ 912.9

Vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2009 and expected to vest thereafter (4)

   12,333,395      $ 279.76    6.7    $ 1,787.6

 

(1) The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the closing stock price of $421.59 of our Class A common stock on June 30, 2009.
(2) The number of options granted and canceled/forfeited includes options granted and canceled in connection with the Exchange (see below).
(3) Includes options vested during the period that were early exercised.
(4) Options expected to vest reflect an estimated forfeiture rate.

 

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The following table summarizes additional information regarding outstanding, exercisable, and exercisable and vested stock options at June 30, 2009:

 

     Options Outstanding    Options Exercisable    Options Exercisable
and Vested

Range of Exercise
Prices

   Total
Number of
Shares
   Unvested
Options
Granted and
Exercised
Subsequent to
March 21,
2002
   Number of
Shares
   Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Life
(Years)
   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
   Number of
Shares
   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
   Number of
Shares
   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
     (unaudited)

$ 0.30–$94.80

   818,895    1,723    817,172    4.3    $ 22.09    773,015    $ 20.65    705,649    $ 21.87

$117.84–$198.41

   1,405,330    —      1,405,330    3.8    $ 177.08    1,402,418    $ 177.05    1,400,310    $ 176.47

$205.96–$298.91

   1,260,246    —      1,260,246    4.7    $ 274.89    1,212,682    $ 274.34    1,210,941    $ 273.76

$300.97–$399.00

   9,110,469    —      9,110,469    7.8    $ 310.13    1,052,078    $ 315.53    986,446    $ 312.04

$401.78–$499.07

   208,708    —      208,708    3.2    $ 439.39    168,351    $ 439.60    82,281    $ 434.81

$500.00–$594.05

   312,898    —      312,898    4.5    $ 532.95    196,705    $ 527.91    94,613    $ 535.51

$615.95–$699.35

   4,692    —      4,692    5.0    $ 644.34    3,065    $ 640.83    2,360    $ 640.83

$707.00–$732.94

   274    —      274    2.6    $ 726.49    224    $ 729.98    224    $ 729.05
                                    

$ 0.30–$732.94

   13,121,512    1,723    13,119,789    6.7    $ 281.55    4,808,538    $ 230.61    4,482,824    $ 220.80
                                    

Options outstanding at June 30, 2009 in the above tables include 1,723 options granted and exercised subsequent to March 21, 2002 that were unvested at June 30, 2009, in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-23, Issues Related to Accounting for Stock Compensation Under APB Opinion No. 25 and FASB Interpretation No. 44. However, the computation of the weighted-average exercise prices, weighted-average remaining contractual term and aggregate intrinsic value does not consider these unvested shares. Further, the above tables include 1.5 million warrants held by selected financial institutions that were options purchased from employees under our Transferable Stock Option (TSO) program.

The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 was $30.3 million and $142.6 million. The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 was $159.0 million and $320.0 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of all options and warrants exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 was $104.4 million and $211.3 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of all options exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 was $131.5 million and $359.8 million. These amounts do not include the aggregate sales price of options sold under our TSO program.

During the six months ended June 30, 2009, the number of shares underlying TSOs sold to selected financial institutions under the TSO program was 324,768 at a total value of $46.6 million, or an average of $143.55 per share, including an average premium of $38.26 per share. The premium is calculated as the difference between (a) the sale price of the TSO and (b) the intrinsic value of the TSO, which we define as the excess, if any, of the price of our Class A common stock at the time of the sale over the exercise price of the TSO. At June 30, 2009, the number of options eligible for participation under the TSO program was approximately 10 million.

In March 2009, we completed an offer to exchange certain employee stock options issued under Google’s 2004 Stock Plan (the Exchange). Certain previously granted options were exchanged for new options with a lower exercise price granted on a one-for-one basis. Options for an aggregate of approximately 7.6 million shares of Google’s Class A common stock were exchanged. Options granted pursuant to the Exchange have an exercise price of $308.57 per share, the closing price of Google’s Class A common stock as reported by The Nasdaq Global Select Market on March 6, 2009. Options granted pursuant to the Exchange have a new vesting schedule determined by adding 12 months to each vesting date under the exchanged options’ original vesting schedule. In addition, new options will vest no sooner than six months

 

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after the date of the Exchange. The Exchange resulted in a modification charge of approximately $360 million which is being recognized over the vesting periods of the new options. These vesting periods range from six months to five years. We recorded approximately $42 million and $53 million of the modification charge in the three and six months ended June 30, 2009.

As of June 30, 2009, there was $1,205.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee stock options. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.4 years. To the extent the forfeiture rate is different from what we have anticipated, stock-based compensation related to these awards will be different from our expectations.

The following table summarizes the activities for our unvested restricted stock units and restricted shares for the six months ended June 30, 2009:

 

     Unvested Restricted Stock Units
and Restricted Shares
     Number of
Shares
    Weighted-
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
     (unaudited)

Unvested at December 31, 2008

   3,268,089      $ 514.56

Granted

   786,761      $ 359.26

Vested

   (693,305   $ 486.91

Forfeited

   (223,973   $ 470.22
        

Unvested at June 30, 2009

   3,137,572      $ 485.21
        

Expected to vest after June 30, 2009 (1)

   2,843,268      $ 485.21

 

(1) Restricted stock units and restricted shares expected to vest reflect an estimated forfeiture rate.

As of June 30, 2009, there was $1,215.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to employee unvested restricted stock units and restricted shares. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.7 years. To the extent the actual forfeiture rate is different from what we have anticipated, stock-based compensation related to these awards will be different from our expectations.

Note 12. Income Taxes

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our uncertain tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes. FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (FIN 48) clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (SFAS 109), and prescribes a recognition threshold of more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination. Our total unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009 were $721.1 million and $1,048.3 million. Also, our total unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate were $561.3 million and $715.5 million as of December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009. The increase in our unrecognized tax benefits during the six months ended June 30, 2009 was primarily related to uncertain tax positions relating to our international structure.

Note 13. Information about Geographic Areas

Our chief operating decision-makers (i.e., our chief executive officer, his direct reports and our presidents) review financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues by geographic region for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. There are no segment managers who are held accountable by our chief operating decision-makers, or anyone else, for operations, operating results and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, we consider ourselves to be in a single reporting segment and operating unit structure.

 

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Revenues by geography are based on the billing addresses of our advertisers. The following table sets forth revenues and long-lived assets by geographic area (in thousands):

 

     Three Months Ended June 30,    Six Months Ended June 30,
     2008    2009    2008    2009
     (unaudited)

Revenues:

           

United States

   $ 2,567,024    $ 2,609,129    $ 5,102,498    $ 5,236,190

United Kingdom

     773,958      715,000      1,576,931      1,448,408

Rest of the world

     2,026,230      2,198,768      3,873,826      4,347,289
                           

Total revenues

   $ 5,367,212    $ 5,522,897    $ 10,553,255    $ 11,031,887
                           

 

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     As of
December 31,
2008
   As of
June 30,
2009
          (unaudited)

Long-lived assets:

     

United States

   $ 9,782,825    $ 9,482,048

International

     1,806,568      1,841,859
             

Total long-lived assets

   $ 11,589,393    $ 11,323,907
             

 

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements include, among other things, statements concerning our expectations:

 

   

regarding the growth and growth rate of our operations, business, revenues, or operating margins;

 

   

that seasonal fluctuations in internet usage and traditional retail seasonality are likely to affect our business;

 

   

that growth in advertising revenues from our web sites will continue to exceed that from our Google Network members’ web sites;

 

   

regarding our future stock-based compensation charges;

 

   

that we will continue to pay most of the Google AdSense fees we receive from advertisers to our Google Network members;

 

   

that we will continue to take steps to improve the relevance of the ads we deliver;

 

   

that we may continue to take steps to reduce the number of accidental clicks;

 

   

that we will continue to make investments and acquisitions;

 

   

that our cost of revenues and traffic acquisition costs may increase in dollars and as a percentage of revenues;

 

   

that our research and development and sales and marketing expenses may increase in dollars and as a percentage of revenues;

 

   

regarding the increase of costs related to hedging activities under our foreign exchange risk management program;

 

   

regarding fluctuations in paid clicks and cost-per-click;

 

   

regarding the sufficiency of our existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and cash generated from operations;

 

   

regarding fluctuations in our effective tax rate;

 

   

regarding fluctuations in our capital expenditures;

 

   

regarding continued investments in international markets;

 

   

regarding the impact on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the EPA’s investigation;

 

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as well as other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition and prospects, and business strategies. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this report, and in particular, the risks discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and those discussed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

Google is a global technology leader focused on improving the ways people connect with information. Our innovations in web search and advertising have made our web site a top internet property and our brand one of the most recognized in the world. Our mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful. We serve three primary constituencies:

 

   

Users. We provide users with products and services that enable people to more quickly and easily find, create and organize information that is useful to them.

 

   

Advertisers. We provide advertisers with cost-effective ways to deliver online ads, as well as offline ads on television, to customers across Google sites and through the Google Network, which is the network of online and offline third parties that use our advertising programs to deliver relevant ads with their search results and content.

 

   

Google Network Members and Other Content Providers. We provide the online and offline members of our Google Network with our Google AdSense programs. These include programs through which we distribute our advertisers’ AdWords ads for display on the web sites of our Google Network members as well as programs to deliver ads on television broadcasts. We share most of the fees these ads generate with our Google Network members, thereby creating an important revenue stream for them. In addition, we have entered into arrangements with other content providers under which we distribute or license their video and other content, and we may display ads next to or as part of this content on the pages of our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites. We share most of the fees these ads generate with these content providers and our Google Network members, thereby creating an important revenue stream for these partners.

How We Generate Revenues

Advertising revenues made up 97% of our revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2009. We derive most of our additional revenues from offering internet ad serving and management services to advertisers and ad agencies and the license of our enterprise products, search solutions, and web search technology.

Google AdWords is our automated online program that enables advertisers to place targeted text-based and display ads on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites. Most of our AdWords customers pay us on a cost-per-click basis, which means that an advertiser pays us only when a user clicks on one of its ads. We also offer AdWords on a cost-per-impression basis that enables advertisers to pay us based on the number of times their ads appear on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites as specified by the advertiser. For advertisers using our AdWords cost-per-click pricing, we recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time a user clicks on one of the ads that appears next to the search results on our web sites or next to the search results or content on our Google Network members’ web sites. For advertisers using our AdWords cost-per-impression pricing, we recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time their ads are displayed on our web sites or the Google Network members’ web sites. Our AdWords agreements are generally terminable at any time by our advertisers.

Google AdSense refers to the online programs through which we distribute our advertisers’ AdWords ads for display on the web sites of our Google Network members as well as programs to deliver ads on television. Our AdSense programs include AdSense for search and AdSense for content.

 

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AdSense for search is our online service for distributing relevant ads from our advertisers for display with search results on our Google Network members’ sites. To use AdSense for search, most of our AdSense for search partners add Google search functionality to their web pages in the form of customizable Google search boxes. When visitors of these web sites search either the web site or the internet using these customizable search boxes, we display relevant ads on the search results pages, targeted to match user search queries. Ads shown through AdSense for search are text ads.

AdSense for content is our online service for distributing ads from our advertisers that are relevant to content on our Google Network members’ web sites. Under this program, we use automated technology to analyze the meaning of the content on the web page and serve relevant ads based on the meaning of such content. For example, a web page on an automotive blog that contains an entry about vintage cars might display ads for vintage car parts or vintage car shows. These ads are displayed in spaces that our AdSense for content partners have set aside on their web sites. AdSense for content allows a variety of ad types to be shown, including text ads, image ads, Google Video Ads, link units (which are sets of clickable links to topic pages related to page content), themed units (which are regular text ads with graphic treatments that change seasonally and by geography), and gadget ads (which are customized “mini-sites” that run as ads on AdSense publisher web sites).

For our online AdSense program, our advertisers pay us a fee each time a user clicks on one of our advertisers’ ads displayed on our Google Network members’ web sites or, for those advertisers who choose our cost-per-impression pricing, as their ads are displayed. To date, we have paid most of these advertiser fees to our Google Network members, and we expect to continue doing so for the foreseeable future. We recognize these advertiser fees as revenue and the portion of the advertiser fee we pay to our Google Network members as traffic acquisition costs under cost of revenues. In some cases, we guarantee our Google Network members minimum revenue share payments based on their achieving defined performance terms, such as number of search queries or advertisements displayed. Google Network members do not pay any fees associated with the use of our AdSense program on their web sites.

Our agreements with Google Network members consist largely of uniform online “click-wrap” agreements that members enter into by interacting with our registration web sites. The standard agreements have no stated term and are terminable at will. Agreements with our larger members are individually negotiated. Both the standard agreements and the negotiated agreements contain provisions requiring us to share with the Google Network member most of the advertiser fees generated by users clicking on ads on the Google Network member’s web site or, for advertisers who choose our cost-per-impression pricing, as the ads are displayed on the Google Network member’s web site.

Google TV Ads enables advertisers, operators, and programmers to buy, schedule, deliver and measure ads on television. We recognize as revenue the fees charged advertisers each time an ad is displayed on television.

DoubleClick provides us with a platform for delivering display advertising. DoubleClick offers online ad serving and management services to advertisers, ad agencies and web site publishers. Fees derived from hosted or web-based applications are recognized as licensing and other revenues in the period the advertising impressions are delivered.

We have entered into arrangements with certain content providers under which we distribute or license their video and other content. Our agreements with content providers are typically standard agreements with no stated term and are terminable at will. Agreements with our larger members are individually negotiated. Both the standard agreements and the negotiated agreements contain provisions requiring us to pay the content providers for the content we license. In a number of these arrangements, we display ads on the pages of our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites from which the content is viewed and share most of the fees these ads generate with the content providers and Google Network members. We recognize these advertiser fees as revenue. We recognize the portion of the advertiser fees we pay to our content providers as content acquisition costs under cost of revenues and the portion we pay to our Google Network members as traffic acquisition costs. In some cases, we guarantee our content providers minimum revenue share or other payments.

We believe the factors that influence the success of our advertising programs include the following:

 

   

The relevance, objectivity, and quality of our search results and the relevance and quality of ads displayed with each search results page.

 

   

The number of searches initiated at our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites and the underlying purpose of these searches (for instance, whether they are for academic research, to find a news article, or to find a product or service).

 

   

The number and prominence of ads displayed on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites.

 

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The number of visits to, and the content of, our Google Network members’ web sites and certain of our web sites and the relevance and quality of the ads we display next to this content.

 

   

The advertisers’ return on investment from advertising campaigns on our web sites or our Google Network members’ web sites compared to other forms of advertising.

 

   

The total advertising spending budgets of each advertiser.

 

   

The number of advertisers and the breadth of items advertised.

 

   

The amount we ultimately pay our Google Network members, distribution partners, and our content providers for traffic, access points, and content compared to the amount of revenue we generate.

Trends in Our Business

Our business has grown rapidly since inception, resulting in substantially increased revenues, and we expect that our business will continue to grow. However, our revenue growth rate has generally declined over time, and we expect it will continue to do so as a result of a number of factors including increasing competition, the difficulty of maintaining growth rates as our revenues increase to higher levels and increasing maturity of the online advertising market in certain countries. In addition, the continuing weak economic conditions have adversely impacted our revenue growth rate and may result in fewer commercial queries by our users and may cause advertisers to reduce the amount they spend on online advertising, including the amount they are willing to pay for each click or impression, which could negatively affect the growth rate of our revenues.

The main focus of our advertising programs is to provide relevant and useful advertising to our users, reflecting our commitment to constantly improve their overall web experience. As a result, we expect to continue to take steps to improve the relevance of the ads displayed on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites. These steps include not displaying ads that generate low click-through rates or that send users to irrelevant or otherwise low quality sites and terminating our relationships with those Google Network members whose web sites do not meet our quality requirements. We may also continue to take steps to reduce the number of accidental clicks by our users. These steps could negatively affect the growth rate of our revenues.

Both seasonal fluctuations in internet usage and traditional retail seasonality have affected, and are likely to continue to affect, our business. Internet usage generally slows during the summer months, and commercial queries typically increase significantly in the fourth quarter of each year. These seasonal trends have caused, and will likely continue to cause, fluctuations in our quarterly results, including fluctuations in sequential revenues, as well as paid click and average cost-per-click growth rates.

The operating margin we realize on revenues generated from ads placed on our Google Network members’ web sites through our AdSense program is significantly lower than the operating margin we realize from revenues generated from ads placed on our web sites because most of the advertiser fees from ads served on Google Network members’ web sites are shared with our Google Network members. For the past five years, growth in advertising revenues from our web sites has generally exceeded that from our Google Network members’ web sites. This trend has had a positive impact on our operating margins, and we expect that this will continue for the foreseeable future, although the relative rate of growth in revenues from our web sites compared to the rate of growth in revenues from our Google Network members’ web sites may vary over time.

We continue to invest in building the necessary employee and systems infrastructures required to manage our growth and develop and promote our products and services, and this may cause our operating margins to decrease. We have generally experienced and expect to continue to experience growth in our operations as we build our research and development programs, expand our base of users, advertisers, Google Network members, and content providers, and increase our presence in international markets. Also, we have acquired and expect to continue to acquire businesses and other assets from time to time. These acquisitions generally enhance the breadth and depth of our expertise in engineering and other functional areas, our technologies and our product offerings. Our full-time employee headcount was 19,604 at June 30, 2008 and 19,786 at June 30, 2009. We have recently made efforts to improve the discipline of our hiring process and to focus on better managing our expense growth. However, we expect to continue to invest in our business, and this may cause our operating margins to decrease.

We expect our cost of revenues to increase in dollars and may increase as a percentage of revenues in future periods, primarily as a result of forecasted increases in traffic acquisition costs, data center costs and credit card and other transaction fees, as well as content acquisition costs. In particular, traffic acquisition costs as a percentage of

 

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advertising revenues may increase in the future if we are unable to continue to improve the monetization or generation of revenues from traffic on our web sites and our Google Network members’ web sites, particularly with those members to whom we have guaranteed minimum revenue share payments.

Our international revenues have grown as a percentage of our total revenues from 52% in the three months ended June 30, 2008 to 53% in the three months ended June 30, 2009. This increase in the portion of our revenues derived from international markets results largely from increased acceptance of our advertising programs, and our continued progress in developing localized versions of our products in these international markets. The increase in the proportion of international revenues derived from international markets increases our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency to U.S. dollar exchange rates. For example, in the second quarter of 2009, the general strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies (primarily the British pound and the Euro) as compared to the second quarter of 2008 had an unfavorable impact on our revenues. We have a foreign exchange risk management program that is designed to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currencies; however, this program will not fully offset the effect of fluctuations on our revenues and earnings.

Results of Operations

The following table presents our historical operating results as a percentage of revenues for the periods indicated:

 

     Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2008     2009     2008     2009  
     (unaudited)  

Consolidated Statements of Income Data:

        

Revenues

   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0

Costs and expenses:

        

Cost of revenues

   40.0      38.2      40.4      38.2